Optogenetics and pharmacogenetics: principles and applications

Jingwei Jiang; Huxing Cui; Kamal Rahmouni

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2017

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Optogenetics and pharmacogenetics: principles and applications

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Optogenetics and pharmacogenetics: principles and applications

Jingwei Jiang, Huxing Cui and Kamal Rahmouni

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, Vol.313(6), pp.R633-R645

12/01/2017

DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2017

PMCID: PMC5814695

PMID: 28794102

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Abstract

Remote and selective spatiotemporal control of the activity of neurons to regulate behavior and physiological functions has been a long-sought goal in system neuroscience. Identification and subsequent bioengineering of light-sensitive ion channels (e.g., channelrhodopsins, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsins) from the bacteria have made it possible to use light to artificially modulate neuronal activity, namely optogenetics. Recent advance in genetics has also allowed development of novel pharmacological tools to selectively and remotely control neuronal activity using engineered G protein-coupled receptors, which can be activated by otherwise inert drug-like small molecules such as the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug, a form of chemogenetics. The cutting-edge optogenetics and pharmacogenetics are powerful tools in neuroscience that allow selective and bidirectional modulation of the activity of defined populations of neurons with unprecedented specificity. These novel toolboxes are enabling significant advances in deciphering how the nervous system works and its influence on various physiological processes in health and disease. Here, we discuss the fundamental elements of optogenetics and chemogenetics approaches and some of the applications that yielded significant advances in various areas of neuroscience and beyond.

Pharmacogenetics - methods

Optogenetics - methods

Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism

Humans

Ion Channels - genetics

Ion Channels - drug effects

Signal Transduction - genetics

Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - radiation effects

Animals

Ion Channels - metabolism

Signal Transduction - drug effects

Light

Neurosciences - methods

Neurons - metabolism

Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics

Ion Channels - radiation effects

Signal Transduction - radiation effects

Neurons - drug effects

Neurons - radiation effects

Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - drug effects

Details

Title: Subtitle: Optogenetics and pharmacogenetics: principles and applications
Creators: Jingwei Jiang - Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; and
Huxing Cui - Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
Kamal Rahmouni - Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, Vol.313(6), pp.R633-R645
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2017
PMID: 28794102
PMCID: PMC5814695
NLM abbreviation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
ISSN: 0363-6119
eISSN: 1522-1490
Publisher: American Physiological Society; United States
Grant note: P01 HL084207 / NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL127673 / NHLBI NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 12/01/2017
Academic Unit: Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Neuroscience and Pharmacology; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984040231902771

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