Journal article
Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions
International journal of oral science, Vol.5(3), pp.130-140
09/2013
DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.28
PMCID: PMC3967327
PMID: 23867843
Abstract
Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral bacteria. In this study, we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in periodontitis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal concentrations, and kill kinetics revealed variable, but potent, activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against P. gingivalis, indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria, although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely important. Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma membrane. This information, coupled with the association of treatment lipids with P. gingivalis lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography, suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial activity. Utilizing a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique P. gingivalis stress response, including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism and energy production, protein processing, cell adhesion and virulence. Prophylactic or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions
- Creators
- Carol L Fischer - Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USAKatherine S WaltersDavid R DrakeDeborah V DawsonDerek R BlanchetteKim A BrogdenPhilip W Wertz
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- International journal of oral science, Vol.5(3), pp.130-140
- Publisher
- India
- DOI
- 10.1038/ijos.2013.28
- PMID
- 23867843
- PMCID
- PMC3967327
- ISSN
- 1674-2818
- eISSN
- 2049-3169
- Grant note
- R01 DE014390 / NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DEO18032 / PHS HHS R01 DE018032 / NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DEO14390 / PHS HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/2013
- Academic Unit
- Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine; Endodontics; Biostatistics; Pediatric Dentistry; Dental Research; Periodontics
- Record Identifier
- 9984065701902771
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