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Origin of two-band chorus in the radiation belt of Earth
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Origin of two-band chorus in the radiation belt of Earth

Jinxing Li, Jacob Bortnik, Xin An, Wen Li, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Richard M. Thorne, Christopher T. Russell, Binbin Ni, Xiaochen Shen, William S. Kurth, …
Nature communications, Vol.10(1), 4672
10/14/2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12561-3
PMCID: PMC6791895
PMID: 31611553
url
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12561-3View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Naturally occurring chorus emissions are a class of electromagnetic waves found in the space environments of the Earth and other magnetized planets. They play an essential role in accelerating high-energy electrons forming the hazardous radiation belt environment. Chorus typically occurs in two distinct frequency bands separated by a gap. The origin of this two-band structure remains a 50-year old question. Here we report, using NASA’s Van Allen Probe measurements, that banded chorus waves are commonly accompanied by two separate anisotropic electron components. Using numerical simulations, we show that the initially excited single-band chorus waves alter the electron distribution immediately via Landau resonance, and suppress the electron anisotropy at medium energies. This naturally divides the electron anisotropy into a low and a high energy components which excite the upper-band and lower-band chorus waves, respectively. This mechanism may also apply to the generation of chorus waves in other magnetized planetary magnetospheres. Chorus waves are crucial on radiation belt dynamics in the space of magnetized planets. Here, the authors show that initially excited single-band chorus waves can quickly accelerate medium energy electrons, and divide the anisotropic electrons into low and high energy components, which subsequently excite two-band chorus waves.
Magnetically confined plasmas Magnetospheric physics

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