Journal article
Passive Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Clefts-A Large International Population-Based Study
American journal of epidemiology, Vol.183(9), pp.834-841
05/01/2016
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv279
PMCID: PMC4851990
PMID: 27045073
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for oral clefts. Evidence is less clear for passive (secondhand) smoke exposure. We combined individual-level data from 4 population-based studies (the Norway Facial Clefts Study, 1996-2001; the Utah Child and Family Health Study, 1995-2004; the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, 1999-2009; and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States), 1999-2007) to obtain 4,508 cleft cases and 9,626 controls. We categorized first-trimester passive and active smoke exposure. Multivariable logistic models adjusted for possible confounders (maternal alcohol consumption, use of folic acid supplements, age, body size, education, and employment, plus study fixed effects). Children whose mothers actively smoked had an increased risk of oral clefts (odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.46). Children of passively exposed nonsmoking mothers also had an increased risk (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27). Cleft risk was further elevated among babies of smoking mothers who were exposed to passive smoke (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.70). Using a large pooled data set, we found a modest association between first-trimester passive smoking and oral clefts that was consistent across populations, diverse study designs, and cleft subtypes. While this association may reflect subtle confounding or bias, we cannot rule out the possibility that passive smoke exposure during pregnancy is teratogenic.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Passive Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Clefts-A Large International Population-Based Study
- Creators
- Colleen M KummetLina M MorenoAllen J WilcoxPaul A RomittiLisa A DeRooRonald G MungerRolv T LieGeorge L Wehby
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- American journal of epidemiology, Vol.183(9), pp.834-841
- DOI
- 10.1093/aje/kwv279
- PMID
- 27045073
- PMCID
- PMC4851990
- NLM abbreviation
- Am J Epidemiol
- ISSN
- 1476-6256
- eISSN
- 1476-6256
- Publisher
- United States
- Grant note
- U01 DD000492 / NCBDD CDC HHS P30 ES005605 / NIEHS NIH HHS R01 DE020895 / NIDCR NIH HHS R01 HD039061 / NICHD NIH HHS U01 DD000698 / NCBDD CDC HHS ZIA ES049027 / Intramural NIH HHS U01 DD001035 / NCBDD CDC HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/01/2016
- Academic Unit
- Preventive and Community Dentistry; Orthodontics; Health Management and Policy; Epidemiology; Economics; Biostatistics; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center; Public Policy Center (Archive); Dental Research
- Record Identifier
- 9983995045702771
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