Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology

Rudragouda Channappanavar; Stanley Perlman

doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x

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Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology

Rudragouda Channappanavar and Stanley Perlman

Seminars in immunopathology, Vol.39(5), pp.529-539

07/2017

DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x

PMCID: PMC7079893

PMID: 28466096

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Abstract

Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) can be divided into low pathogenic and highly pathogenic coronaviruses. The low pathogenic CoVs infect the upper respiratory tract and cause mild, cold-like respiratory illness. In contrast, highly pathogenic hCoVs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) predominantly infect lower airways and cause fatal pneumonia. Severe pneumonia caused by pathogenic hCoVs is often associated with rapid virus replication, massive inflammatory cell infiltration and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses resulting in acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent studies in experimentally infected animal strongly suggest a crucial role for virus-induced immunopathological events in causing fatal pneumonia after hCoV infections. Here we review the current understanding of how a dysregulated immune response may cause lung immunopathology leading to deleterious clinical manifestations after pathogenic hCoV infections.

Humans

Monocytes - metabolism

Monocytes - immunology

Lung - virology

Coronavirus Infections - metabolism

Coronavirus - drug effects

Immune System - immunology

Lung - metabolism

Coronavirus - physiology

Macrophages - immunology

Disease Models, Animal

Severity of Illness Index

Virus Replication - drug effects

Antiviral Agents - pharmacology

Lung - pathology

Disease Susceptibility

Cytokines - metabolism

Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis

Interferons - pharmacology

Virus Replication - immunology

Combined Modality Therapy

Immune System - cytology

Immunity, Innate

Coronavirus Infections - immunology

Phenotype

Animals

Coronavirus Infections - virology

Immune System - metabolism

Interferons - metabolism

Chemokines - metabolism

Lung - immunology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology
Creators: Rudragouda Channappanavar - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, BSB 3-712, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
Stanley Perlman - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, BSB 3-712, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. Stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Seminars in immunopathology, Vol.39(5), pp.529-539
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x
PMID: 28466096
PMCID: PMC7079893
NLM abbreviation: Semin Immunopathol
ISSN: 1863-2297
eISSN: 1863-2300
Publisher: Germany
Grant note: P01 AI060699 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI091322 / NIAID NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 07/2017
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics)
Record Identifier: 9983777475502771

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