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Pathologic Considerations in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Pathologic Considerations in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Surgical oncology clinics of North America, Vol.29(2), pp.185-208
04/2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.11.003
PMCID: PMC7212902
PMID: 32151355

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Abstract

This review serves as a primer on contemporary neuroendocrine neoplasm classification, with an emphasis on gastroenteropancreatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Topics discussed include general features of neuroendocrine neoplasms, general neuroendocrine marker immunohistochemistry, the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor from pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and other diagnostic mimics and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma from diagnostic mimics, the concepts of differentiation and grade and the application of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry to determine the latter, the various WHO classifications of neuroendocrine neoplasms including the 2019 WHO classification of gastroenteropancreatic tumors, organ-specific considerations for gastroenteropancreatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, immunohistochemistry to determine site of origin in metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of occult origin, immunohistochemistry in the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and, finally, required and recommended reporting elements for biopsies and resections of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine epithelial neoplasms.
Differentiation Grade Immunohistochemistry Ki-67 Neuroendocrine Site of origin WHO classification

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