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Pediatric spinal deformities
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Pediatric spinal deformities

Gregory C Wiggins, Christopher I Shaffrey, Mark F Abel and Arnold H Menezes
Neurosurgical focus, Vol.14(1), pp.e3-e3
01/15/2003
DOI: 10.3171/foc.2003.14.1.4
PMID: 15766220
url
https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2003.14.1.4View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Pediatric spinal deformity results from multiple conditions including congenital anomalies, neuromuscular disorders, skeletal dysplasia, and developmental disorders (idiopathic). Pediatric spinal deformities can be progressive and cause pulmonary compromise, neurological deficits, and cardiovascular compromise. The classification and treatment of these disorders have evolved since surgical treatment was popularized when Harrington distraction instrumentation was introduced. The advent of anterior-spine instrumentation systems has challenged the concepts of length of fusion needed to arrest curvature progression. Segmental fixation revolutionized the surgical treatment of these deformities. More recently, pedicle screw-augmented segmental fixation has been introduced and promises once again to shift the standard of surgical therapy. Recent advances in thoracoscopic surgery have made this technique applicable to scoliosis surgery. Not only has surgical treatment progressed but also the classification of different forms of pediatric deformity continues to evolve. Recently, Lenke and associates proposed a new classification for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This classification attempts to address some of the shortcomings of the King classification system. In this article the authors review the literature on pediatric spinal deformities and highlight recent insights into classification, treatment, and surgery-related complications.
 Puberty Scoliosis - therapy Spinal Curvatures - epidemiology Scoliosis - genetics Spine - growth & development Humans Spinal Curvatures - pathology Child, Preschool Infant Male Spinal Curvatures - classification Spinal Fusion Incidence Scoliosis - classification Braces Internal Fixators Female Child Postoperative Complications Infant, Newborn Spinal Curvatures - congenital Spinal Nerves - injuries Scoliosis - epidemiology Spinal Curvatures - surgery Spinal Cord Injuries - etiology Surgical Wound Infection - etiology Scoliosis - surgery Spinal Cord Ischemia - etiology Adolescent Age of Onset Spondylitis - etiology

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