Perfusion MRI Techniques: Beyond DSC

Anthony Peret; Kelly W. Capel; Mu-Lan Jen; Warren Chang; Anthony D. Kuner; Jesse M. Manunga; Alexey A. Samsonov; James H. Holmes; Kevin M. Johnson; Laura B. Eisenmenger

doi:10.3174/ng.2100041

Journal article

Perfusion MRI Techniques: Beyond DSC

Anthony Peret, Kelly W. Capel, Mu-Lan Jen, Warren Chang, Anthony D. Kuner, Jesse M. Manunga, Alexey A. Samsonov, James H. Holmes, Kevin M. Johnson and Laura B. Eisenmenger

Neurographics (Oak Brook, Ill. 2011), Vol.13(3), pp.210-229

07/01/2023

DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100041

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Abstract

The use of brain hemodynamics is important in the assessment of numerous pathophysiologic conditions. The measurement of perfusion or delivery of blood to tissues by MR imaging is essential for neuroradiologists to understand and appropriately apply to clinical practice. Several different approaches are used. DSC and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging study the signal change (according to T2* and T1, respectively) induced by an exogenous contrast agent, allowing the measurement of CBF, CBV, and time-related parameters. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MR imaging measures the T2* signal changes induced by the paramagnetic molecule deoxyhemoglobin. BOLD MR imaging provides complex measurements because the signal varies not only with changes in CBF but also with several other parameters such as tissular oxygen uptake and brain activation. Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging is a technique relying on labeled endogenous water as a tracer. By measuring the signal difference between 2 sets of acquisitions (labeling and control), arterial spin-labeling MR imaging calculates cerebral perfusion in a quantitative manner. This article aims to review the fundamentals of perfusion MR imaging techniques essential to any neuroradiology practice along with their advantages, disadvantages, and applications to research and clinical care.Learning Objective: To review DSC MR imaging and alternative MR imaging perfusion techniques, focusing on methodology, advancements, and applications essential for the neuroradiologist to understand and clinically use these techniques

AD = Alzheimer disease

AIF = arterial input function

ASL = arterial spin-labeling

ATT = arterial transit time

BOLD = blood oxygen level-dependent

CASL = continuous arterial spin labeling

CTC = concentration-time curve

Cvr Cerebrovascular Reactivity

DCE = dynamic contrast-enhanced

EES = extravascular extracellular space

GBCA = gadolinium-based contrast agents

GRASE = gradient- and spin-echo

GRE = gradient recalled echo

IVPS = intravascular plasmatic space

Ktrans=volume transfer constant

LFO = low-frequency oscillations

MCI = mild cognitive impairment

MDASL = multidelay arterial spin-labeling

PASL = pulsed arterial spin-labeling

pCASL = pseudocontinuous arterial-spin labeling

PLD = postlabeling delay

rCBV = relative CBV

RF = radiofrequency

SE = spin-echo

Tmax = time- to maximum

VSASL = velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling

WHO = World Health Organization

Details

Title: Subtitle: Perfusion MRI Techniques: Beyond DSC
Creators: Anthony Peret
Kelly W. Capel
Mu-Lan Jen
Warren Chang
Anthony D. Kuner
Jesse M. Manunga
Alexey A. Samsonov
James H. Holmes
Kevin M. Johnson
Laura B. Eisenmenger
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Neurographics (Oak Brook, Ill. 2011), Vol.13(3), pp.210-229
Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology and the NER Foundation
DOI: 10.3174/ng.2100041
ISSN: 2637-8329
eISSN: 2637-8329
Language: English
Date published: 07/01/2023
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Radiology
Record Identifier: 9984474692102771

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