Journal article
Petrology and geochemistry of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, central Iceland: compositional and mineralogical characteristics, temporal variability and magma storage
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol.173(8), pp.1-25
08/2018
DOI: 10.1007/s00410-018-1487-9
Abstract
The 2014–2015 Holuhraun fissure eruption provided a rare opportunity to study in detail the magmatic processes and magma plumbing system dynamics during a 6-month-long, moderate- to large-volume basaltic fissure eruption. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive dataset, including major and trace elements of whole-rock and glassy tephra samples, mineral chemistry, and radiogenic and oxygen isotope analyses from an extensive set of samples (n = 62) that were collected systematically in several field campaigns throughout the entire eruptive period. We also present the first detailed chemical and isotopic characterization of magmatic sulfides from Iceland. In conjunction with a unique set of geophysical data, our approach provides a detailed temporal and spatial resolution of magmatic processes before and during this eruption. The 2014–2015 Holuhraun magma is compositionally indistinguishable from recent basalts erupted from the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, consistent with seismic observations for magma ascent close to the Bárðarbunga central volcano, followed by dyke propagation to the Holuhraun eruption site. Whole-rock elemental and isotopic compositions are remarkably constant throughout the eruption. Moreover, the inferred depth of the magma reservoir tapped during the eruption is consistently 8 ± 5 km, in agreement with geodetic observations and melt inclusion entrapment pressures, but inconsistent with vertically extensive multi-tiered magma storage prior to eruption. The near constancy in the chemical and isotopic composition of the lava is consistent with the efficient homogenization of mantle-derived compositional variability. In contrast, occurrence of different mineral populations, including sulfide globules, which display significant compositional variability, requires a more complex earlier magmatic history. This may include sampling of heterogeneous mantle melts that mixed, crystallized and finally homogenized at mid- to lower-crustal conditions.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Petrology and geochemistry of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, central Iceland: compositional and mineralogical characteristics, temporal variability and magma storage
- Creators
- Sæmundur Halldórsson - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandEnikő Bali - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandMargaret Hartley - 0000000121662407 grid.5379.8 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UKDavid Neave - 0000 0001 2163 2777 grid.9122.8 Institut für Mineralogie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover GermanyDavid Peate - 0000 0004 1936 8294 grid.214572.7 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City USAGuðmundur Guðfinnsson - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandIlya Bindeman - 0000 0004 1936 8008 grid.170202.6 Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon Eugene USAMartin Whitehouse - 0000 0004 0605 2864 grid.425591.e Department of Geosciences Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm SwedenMorten Riishuus - Faroese Geological Survey Tórshavn Faroe IslandsGro Pedersen - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandSigurður Jakobsson - University of IcelandRob Askew - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandCatherine Gallagher - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandEsther Guðmundsdóttir - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandJónas Gudnason - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandWilliam Moreland - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandBirgir Óskarsson - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandPaavo Nikkola - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandHannah Reynolds - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandJohanne Schmith - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík IcelandThorvaldur Thordarson - 0000 0004 0640 0021 grid.14013.37 Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol.173(8), pp.1-25
- DOI
- 10.1007/s00410-018-1487-9
- ISSN
- 0010-7999
- eISSN
- 1432-0967
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Berlin/Heidelberg
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/2018
- Academic Unit
- Earth and Environmental Sciences; Honors Program
- Record Identifier
- 9983984528602771
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