Journal article
Practical Naloxone Communication Tips for Pharmacists: Lessons Learned from The Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care
Research in social and administrative pharmacy, Vol.21(5), pp.361-370
05/2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.014
PMCID: PMC11893233
PMID: 39884916
Abstract
Opioid overdose is an ongoing public health issue in the rural United States and can be countered by increasing access to the opioid antagonist naloxone. Community pharmacists are well-positioned to offer and dispense naloxone to patients at risk of opioid overdose, but still experience a range of communication barriers. Understanding rural patient communication preferences is essential to prepare pharmacists to discuss naloxone in a patient-centered manner.
To explore rural community pharmacists’ and patients’ naloxone communication preferences employing the Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care (LM).
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 community pharmacists and 40 patients from rural areas in Alabama, Iowa, North Carolina, and Wisconsin. After a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, three code reports were selected for a secondary qualitative analysis informed by the LM.
All elements described in the LM (Predisposing Factors, Enabling Factors, And Provider's Communication Style) were associated with patient-pharmacist naloxone communication. The analysis revealed four additional factors not accounted for in the model: Stigma, Privacy, Insurance Coverage and Price, and Collaboration with Physician.
Patient-pharmacist naloxone conversations are impacted by the factors described in the LM, as well as several pharmacy-specific factors which were included in an adapted conceptual model. Future studies should consider these findings when developing interventions to improve patient-pharmacist communication and pharmacists can utilize the practical tips provided to actively address the opioid epidemic.
•Pharmacists should build rapport with patients before discussing naloxone.•Patients should be informed of their risk for accidental overdose.•Naloxone communication should be patient-centered and based on partnership.•Stigma, privacy, insurance, and physician collaboration impact naloxone discussions.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Practical Naloxone Communication Tips for Pharmacists: Lessons Learned from The Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care
- Creators
- Leticia E.B. Vieira - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillBayla Ostrach - Boston UniversitySalisa Westrick - Auburn UniversityKorey A. Kennelty - University of IowaKevin A. Look - University of Wisconsin–MadisonDelesha M. Carpenter - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Research in social and administrative pharmacy, Vol.21(5), pp.361-370
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.014
- PMID
- 39884916
- PMCID
- PMC11893233
- NLM abbreviation
- Res Social Adm Pharm
- ISSN
- 1551-7411
- eISSN
- 1934-8150
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc
- Grant note
- National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health: R34DA046598
Funding sources Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under award number R34DA046598. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Na-tional Institutes of Health.
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 01/27/2025
- Date published
- 05/2025
- Academic Unit
- Family and Community Medicine; Pharmacy Practice and Science; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984781374902771
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