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Prescription opioid use before and after heart transplant: Associations with posttransplant outcomes
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Prescription opioid use before and after heart transplant: Associations with posttransplant outcomes

Krista L. Lentine, Kevin S. Shah, Jon A. Kobashigawa, Huiling Xiao, Zidong Zhang, David A. Axelrod, Ngan N. Lam, Dorry L. Segev, Mara Ann McAdams-DeMarco, Henry Randall, …
American journal of transplantation, Vol.19(12), pp.3405-3414
12/01/2019
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15565
PMCID: PMC6883129
PMID: 31397964
url
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15565View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Impacts of the prescription opioid epidemic have not yet been examined in the context of heart transplantation. We examined a novel database in which national U.S. transplant registry records were linked to a large pharmaceutical claims warehouse (2007-2016) to characterize prescription opioid use before and after heart transplant, and associations (adjusted hazard ratio, (95%) (LCL)aHR(95%) (UCL)) with death and graft loss. Among 13 958 eligible patients, 40% filled opioids in the year before transplant. Use was more common among recipients who were female, white, or unemployed, or who underwent transplant in more recent years. Of those with the highest level of pretransplant opioid use, 71% continued opioid use posttransplant. Pretransplant use had graded associations with 1-year posttransplant outcomes; compared with no use, the highest-level use (>1000 mg morphine equivalents) predicted 33% increased risk of death (aHR (1.10)1.33(1.61)) in the year after transplant. Risk relationships with opioid use in the first year posttransplant were stronger, with highest level use predicting 70% higher mortality (aHR (1.46)1.70(1.98)) over the subsequent 4 years (from >1 to 5 years posttransplant). While associations may, in part, reflect underlying conditions or behaviors, opioid use history is relevant in assessing and providing care to transplant candidates and recipients.
Surgery Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology Transplantation

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