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Preserved emotional awareness of pain in a patient with extensive bilateral damage to the insula, anterior cingulate, and amygdala
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Preserved emotional awareness of pain in a patient with extensive bilateral damage to the insula, anterior cingulate, and amygdala

Justin S Feinstein, Sahib S Khalsa, Tim V Salomons, Kenneth M Prkachin, Laura A Frey-Law, Jennifer E Lee, Daniel Tranel and David Rudrauf
Brain structure & function, Vol.221(3), pp.1499-1511
04/2016
DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0986-3
PMCID: PMC4734900
PMID: 25577137
url
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0986-3View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Functional neuroimaging investigations of pain have discovered a reliable pattern of activation within limbic regions of a putative "pain matrix" that has been theorized to reflect the affective dimension of pain. To test this theory, we evaluated the experience of pain in a rare neurological patient with extensive bilateral lesions encompassing core limbic structures of the pain matrix, including the insula, anterior cingulate, and amygdala. Despite widespread damage to these regions, the patient's expression and experience of pain was intact, and at times excessive in nature. This finding was consistent across multiple pain measures including self-report, facial expression, vocalization, withdrawal reaction, and autonomic response. These results challenge the notion of a "pain matrix" and provide direct evidence that the insula, anterior cingulate, and amygdala are not necessary for feeling the suffering inherent to pain. The patient's heightened degree of pain affect further suggests that these regions may be more important for the regulation of pain rather than providing the decisive substrate for pain's conscious experience.
Emotions - physiology Amygdala - physiopathology Pain Perception - physiology Humans Middle Aged Self Report Cerebral Cortex - pathology Facial Expression Male Neural Pathways - pathology Amygdala - pathology Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gyrus Cinguli - pathology Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology Neural Pathways - physiopathology Pain Measurement

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