Journal article
Prevention of PerinatalHepatitis B Virus Transmission
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Vol.3, pp.S7-S12
09/01/2014
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu064
PMCID: PMC4164184
PMID: 25232477
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the most common form of chronic hepatitis worldwide, is a major public health problem affecting an estimated 360 million people globally. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for more than one third of chronic HBV infections worldwide. An estimated 15%-40% of persons chronically infected develop HBV-related complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, and 25% die from these complications. MTCT can occur during pregnancy or during delivery. Screening pregnant women for HBV infection, providing infant postexposure prophylaxis, and maternal treatment with antiviral medications are strategies for reducing MTCT transmission rates and the global burden of new chronic HBV infections. Administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine within 24 hours of birth, followed by completion of the vaccine series, is 85%-95% efficacious for prevention of MTCT. Despite timely post-exposure prophylaxis, MTCT occurs in 5%-15% of infants. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers with HBV DNA level >= 10(6) copies/mL (>200 000 IU/mL) are at greatest risk of transmitting HBV to their infants. Consensus recommendations and evidence-based guidelines for management of chronic HBV infection and screening of pregnant women have been developed. The safety and efficacy of antiviral drug use during pregnancy are areas of ongoing research. Substantial advances have been achieved globally in reducing MTCT, but MTCT remains an ongoing health problem. Attaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of MTCT, implementing existing policies on maternal screening and infant follow-up, and addressing research gaps are critical for further reductions in MTCT transmission.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Prevention of PerinatalHepatitis B Virus Transmission
- Creators
- Noele P. Nelson - National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB PreventionDenise J. Jamieson - National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionTrudy V. Murphy - National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Vol.3, pp.S7-S12
- Publisher
- Oxford Univ Press
- DOI
- 10.1093/jpids/piu064
- PMID
- 25232477
- PMCID
- PMC4164184
- ISSN
- 2048-7193
- eISSN
- 2048-7207
- Number of pages
- 6
- Grant note
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development - National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/01/2014
- Academic Unit
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; VPMA - Administration
- Record Identifier
- 9984446452202771
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