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Primer premier: Program for design of degenerate primers from a protein sequence
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Primer premier: Program for design of degenerate primers from a protein sequence

Vinay K Singh, A K Mangalam, S Dwivedi and S Naik
BioTechniques, Vol.24(2), pp.318-319
02/1998
DOI: 10.2144/98242pf02
PMID: 9494736
url
https://doi.org/10.2144/98242pf02View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Researchers pursuing the cloning of novel genes are often faced with the problem that only a partial protein sequence is known. Several procedures are commonly used involving the reverse translation of the protein sequence into a DNA sequence. These include synthesis of a short oligonucleotide sequence for screening libraries and of a primer pair for amplification of target sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, due to redundancy in the genetic code, oligonucleotide design must account for ambiguous DNA bases. When a protein sequence is reverse-translated, the resulting DNA sequence frequently contains as high as 50% ambiguous bases. This requires that primers be designed from regions of lower degeneracy. Manual location of such primers is a tedious process and often fails due to the presence of secondary structures. Primer Premier automatically scans the target DNA sequences and designs primers in regions of low degeneracy that are free of secondary structures, including hairpins, dimers and false priming sites. These primers are checked for the overall percentage of ambiguous bases as well as the number of ambiguous bases occurring at the critical 3' end. We report here successful amplification of a gene with the primers designed from its protein sequence using the Primer Premier primer design program. The surface antigen (HBsAg) protein sequence of the adw strain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was reverse-translated using the program. The sequence was scanned, and primers were designed in regions of low degeneracy. Nonambiguous bases were substituted for ambiguous bases to produce a primer that contained no secondary structures.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Antigens, Viral - blood Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Humans Plasmids - genetics Antigens, Viral - genetics Genetic Code - genetics Amino Acid Sequence - genetics Proteins - chemistry DNA Primers - chemistry Hepatitis B virus - immunology

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