Journal article
Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult reconstructive spine surgery results from incomplete restoration of the lumbar lordosis relative to the magnitude of the thoracic kyphosis
The Iowa orthopaedic journal, Vol.31, pp.199-206
2011
PMCID: PMC3215136
PMID: 22096442
Appears in Diamond Open Access
Abstract
PROXIMAL JUNCTIONAL KYPHOSIS (PJK) IS DEFINED AS: 1) Proximal junction sagittal Cobb angle >≥10°, and 2) Proximal junction sagittal Cobb angle of at least 10° greater than the pre-operative measurement PJK is a common complication which develops in 39% of adults following surgery for spinal deformity. The pathogenesis, risk factors and prevention of this complication are unclear.
Of 54 consecutive adults treated with spinal deformity surgery (age≥59.3±10.1 years), 19 of 54 (35%) developed PJK. The average follow-up was 26.8 months (range 12 - 42). Radiographic parameters were measured at the pre-operative, early postoperative (4-6 weeks), and final follow-up visits. Sagittal alignment was measured by the ratio between the C7-plumbline and the sacral-femoral distance. Binary logistic regression model with predictor variables included: Age, BMI, C7-plumbline, and whether lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and sacral slope were present
Patients who developed PJK and those without PJK presented with comparable age, BMI, pelvic incidence and sagittal imbalance before surgery. They also presented with comparable sacral slope and lumbar lordosis. The average magnitude of thoracic kyphosis was significantly larger than the lumbar lordosis in the proximal junctional kyphosis group, both at baseline and in the early postoperative period, as represented by [(-lumbar )lordosis - (thoracic kyphosis)]; no- PJK versus PJK; 6.6°±23.2° versus -6.6°±14.2°; p≥0.012. This was not effectively addressed with surgery in the PJK group [(-LL-TK): 6.2°±13.1° vs. -5.2°±9.6°; p≥0.004]. This group also presented with signs of pelvic retroversion with a sacral slope of 29.3°±8.2° pre-operatively that was unchanged after surgery (30.4°±8.5° postoperatively). Logistic regression determined that the magnitude of thoracic kyphosis and sagittal balance (C7-plumbline) was the most important predictor of proximal junctional kyphosis.
Proximal junctional kyphosis developed in those patients where the thoracic kyphosis remained greater in magnitude relative to the lumbar lordosis, and where the sagittal balance seemed corrected, but part of thise correction was secondary to pelvic retroversion.
Prognostic case-control study - Level III.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult reconstructive spine surgery results from incomplete restoration of the lumbar lordosis relative to the magnitude of the thoracic kyphosis
- Creators
- Sergio Mendoza-Lattes - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USAZachary RiesYubo GaoStuart L Weinstein
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Iowa orthopaedic journal, Vol.31, pp.199-206
- Publisher
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, The University of Iowa; United States
- PMID
- 22096442
- PMCID
- PMC3215136
- ISSN
- 1541-5457
- eISSN
- 1555-1377
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2011
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984040314502771
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