Journal article
QUANTILE REGRESSION FOR MIXED MODELS WITH AN APPLICATION TO EXAMINE BLOOD PRESSURE TRENDS IN CHINA
The annals of applied statistics, Vol.9(3), pp.1226-1246
09/2015
DOI: 10.1214/15-AOAS841
PMCID: PMC5217786
PMID: 28066516
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases have substantially increased in China in the past 20 years and blood pressure is a primary modifiable risk factor. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey we examine blood pressure trends in China from 1991 to 2009, with a concentration on age cohorts and urbanicity. Very large values of blood pressure are of interest, so we model the conditional quantile functions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This allows the covariate effects in the middle of the distribution to vary from those in the upper tail, the focal point of our analysis. We join the distributions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a copula, which permits the relationships between the covariates and the two responses to share information and enables probabilistic statements about systolic and diastolic blood pressure jointly. Our copula maintains the marginal distributions of the group quantile effects while accounting for within-subject dependence, enabling inference at the population and subject levels. Our population level regression effects change across quantile level, year, and blood pressure type, providing a rich environment for inference. To our knowledge, this is the first quantile function model to explicitly model within-subject autocorrelation and is the first quantile function approach that simultaneously models multivariate conditional response. We find that the association between high blood pressure and living in an urban area has evolved from positive to negative, with the strongest changes occurring in the upper tail. The increase in urbanization over the last twenty years coupled with the transition from the positive association between urbanization and blood pressure in earlier years to a more uniform association with urbanization suggests increasing blood pressure over time throughout China, even in less urbanized areas. Our methods are available in the R package
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Details
- Title: Subtitle
- QUANTILE REGRESSION FOR MIXED MODELS WITH AN APPLICATION TO EXAMINE BLOOD PRESSURE TRENDS IN CHINA
- Creators
- Luke B Smith - North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillMontserrat Fuentes - North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillPenny Gordon-Larsen - North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillBrian J Reich - North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The annals of applied statistics, Vol.9(3), pp.1226-1246
- DOI
- 10.1214/15-AOAS841
- PMID
- 28066516
- PMCID
- PMC5217786
- NLM abbreviation
- Ann Appl Stat
- ISSN
- 1932-6157
- eISSN
- 1941-7330
- Publisher
- United States
- Grant note
- R01 ES014843 / NIEHS NIH HHS P2C HD050924 / NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD050924 / NICHD NIH HHS R01 DK104371 / NIDDK NIH HHS R01 HL108427 / NHLBI NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/2015
- Academic Unit
- Statistics and Actuarial Science; President; Biostatistics
- Record Identifier
- 9984065883802771
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