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Race and Decadence: Charles Baudelaire, Jeanne Duval, Algernon Charles Swinburne, and Afro-Asian Ornamentalism in the Global Nineteenth Century
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Race and Decadence: Charles Baudelaire, Jeanne Duval, Algernon Charles Swinburne, and Afro-Asian Ornamentalism in the Global Nineteenth Century

Cherrie Kwok
Victorian studies, Vol.66(3), pp.466-478
09/01/2024
DOI: 10.2979/vic.00164

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Abstract

Drawing on Black French studies, Asian and Asian American studies, and imperial history, this essay focuses on Charles Baudelaire's mixed-race lover, Jeanne Duval, in order to ask how racial dynamics shaped one of the earliest versions of the decadent aesthetic gaze in nineteenth-century Europe. I analyze Baudelaire's racialized engagements with visual culture and a small sample of poems that he wrote about Duval in Les Fleurs du Mal ( Flowers of Evil ) (1857), concentrating in particular on how he perceives Blackness and what Anne Anlin Cheng has theorized as "ornamentalism." I conclude by reflecting on Duval's fate once Les Fleurs circulated in the British Isles and reached Algernon Charles Swinburne in 1860.

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