Racial Disparities in Spatial and Temporal Youth Suicide Clusters

Jonathan M Platt; John R Pamplin II; Catherine Gimbrone; Caroline Rutherford; Sasikiran Kandula; Mark Olfson; Madelyn S Gould; Gonzalo Martínez-Alés; Jeffrey Shaman; Katherine Keyes

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.012

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Racial Disparities in Spatial and Temporal Youth Suicide Clusters

Journal article

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Racial Disparities in Spatial and Temporal Youth Suicide Clusters

Jonathan M Platt, John R Pamplin II, Catherine Gimbrone, Caroline Rutherford, Sasikiran Kandula, Mark Olfson, Madelyn S Gould, Gonzalo Martínez-Alés, Jeffrey Shaman and Katherine Keyes

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol.61(9), pp.1131-1140.e5

09/2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.012

PMCID: PMC9271532

PMID: 35031449

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Abstract

Deaths by suicide correlate both spatially and temporally, leading to suicide clusters. This study aimed to estimate racial patterns in suicide clusters since 2000. Data from the US National Vital Statistics System included all ICD-10 coded suicide cases from 2000-2019 among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), Black, or White youth and young adults, ages 5-34. We estimated age, period, and cohort (APC) trends and identified spatiotemporal clusters using the SaTScan space-time statistic, which identified lower- and higher-than-expected suicide rates (cold and hot clusters) in a prespecified area (150 km) and time interval (15 months). We also calculated the average proportion of deaths by suicide contained in clusters, to quantify the relative importance of spatiotemporal patterning as a driver of overall suicide rates. From 2010-2019, suicide rates increased from between 37% among AI/AN (95% CI: 1.22, 1.55) to 81% among A/PI (95% CI: 1.65, 2.01) groups. Suicide clusters accounted for 0.8-10.3% of all suicide deaths, across race groups. Since 2000, the likelihood of detecting cluster increased over time with considerable differences in the number of clusters in each racial group (4 among AI/AN to 72 among White youth). Among Black youth and young adults, 27 total clusters were identified, and hot clusters were concentrated in Southeastern and mid-Atlantic counties. Suicide rates and clusters in youth and young adults have increased in the past two decades, requiring attention from policy makers, clinicians, and caretakers. Racially distinct patterns highlight opportunities to tailor individual- and population-level prevention efforts to prevent suicide deaths in emerging high-risk groups.

spatiotemporal analysis

suicide clusters

racial health disparities

age-period-cohort analysis

child and adolescent health

Details

Title: Subtitle: Racial Disparities in Spatial and Temporal Youth Suicide Clusters
Creators: Jonathan M Platt - University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City. Electronic address: jonathan-platt@uiowa.edu
John R Pamplin II - Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, and the Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York
Catherine Gimbrone - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Caroline Rutherford - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Sasikiran Kandula - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Mark Olfson - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
Madelyn S Gould - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
Gonzalo Martínez-Alés - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Jeffrey Shaman - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Katherine Keyes - Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol.61(9), pp.1131-1140.e5
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.012
PMID: 35031449
PMCID: PMC9271532
NLM abbreviation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
ISSN: 0890-8567
eISSN: 1527-5418
Publisher: Elsevier
Grant note: DOI: 10.13039/100000025, name: National Institute of Mental Health, award: 5R01MH121410
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 01/08/2022
Date published: 09/2022
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984214816202771

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