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Regulation of ROMK Channel and K+ Homeostasis by Kidney-specific WNK1 Kinase
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Regulation of ROMK Channel and K+ Homeostasis by Kidney-specific WNK1 Kinase

Zhen Liu, Hao-Ran Wang and Chou-Long Huang
The Journal of biological chemistry, Vol.284(18), pp.12198-12206
05/01/2009
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M806551200
PMCID: PMC2673288
PMID: 19244242
url
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M806551200View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

WNK kinases are serine-threonine kinases with an atypical placement of the catalytic lysine. WNK1, the first member discovered, has multiple alternatively spliced isoforms, including a ubiquitously expressed full-length long form (L-WNK1) and a kidney-specific form (KS-WNK1) predominantly expressed in the kidney. Intronic deletions of WNK1 that increase WNK1 transcript cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by hypertension and hyperkalemia. L-WNK1 inhibits renal K + channel ROMK, likely contributing to hyperkalemia in PHAII. Previously, we reported that KS-WNK1 by itself has no effect on ROMK1 but antagonizes L-WNK1-mediated inhibition of ROMK1. Amino acids 1–253 of KS-WNK1 (KS-WNK1(1–253)) are sufficient for reversing the inhibition of ROMK1 caused by L-WNK1(1–491). Here, we further investigated the mechanisms by which KS-WNK1 counteracts L-WNK1 regulation of ROMK1. We reported that two regions of KS-WNK1(1–253) are involved in the antagonism of L-WNK1; one includes the first 30 amino acids unique for KS-WNK1 encoded by the alternatively spliced initiating exon 4A, and the other is equivalent to the autoinhibitory domain (AID) of L-WNK1. Mutations of two phenylalanine residues known to be critical for autoinhibitory function of AID abolish the ability of the AID region of KS-WNK1 to antagonize L-WNK1. To examine the physiological role of KS-WNK1 in the regulation of renal K + secretion, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress amino acids 1–253 of KS-WNK1 under the control of a kidney-specific promoter. Transgenic mice have lower serum K + levels and higher urinary fractional excretion of K + compared with wild type littermates despite the same amount of daily urinary K + excretion. Moreover, transgenic mice (compared with wild type littermates) displayed a higher abundance of ROMK on the apical membrane of distal nephron. Thus, KS-WNK1 is an important physiological regulator of renal K + excretion, likely through its effects on the ROMK1 channel.
Membrane Transport, Structure, Function, and Biogenesis

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