Relative contributions of strength, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics to estimated propulsive force in young male swimmers

Kristen C Cochrane; Terry J Housh; Cory M Smith; Ethan C Hill; Nathaniel D M Jenkins; Glen O Johnson; Dona J Housh; Richard J Schmidt; Joel T Cramer

doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000942

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Relative contributions of strength, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics to estimated propulsive force in young male swimmers

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Relative contributions of strength, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics to estimated propulsive force in young male swimmers

Kristen C Cochrane, Terry J Housh, Cory M Smith, Ethan C Hill, Nathaniel D M Jenkins, Glen O Johnson, Dona J Housh, Richard J Schmidt and Joel T Cramer

Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.29(6), pp.1473-1479

06/2015

DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000942

PMID: 25785708

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of isokinetic forearm flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT) peak torque (PT) at 180°·s, height (HT), percent body fat (%BF), and fat-free mass (FFM) to the prediction of estimated propulsive force (EPF) and which of these variables should be a focus of training in young male swimmers. Thirty young male swimmers (mean age ± SD = 12.4 ± 2.7 years) volunteered for this study. The subjects were members of local swimming clubs who competed in the front crawl. The swimmers were measured for FLX and EXT PT at 180°·s, HT, body mass (BM), arm muscle area (AMA), arm circumference, triceps skinfold, %BF, and FFM. Arm muscle area was used to calculate EPF. Zero-order correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships among variables and the relative contributions of FLX, EXT, HT, %BF, and FFM to the prediction of EPF. Forearm flexion PT at 180°·s, EXT, BM, HT, FFM, AMA, and EPF were significantly intercorrelated (r = 0.83-1.00). In addition, 4 variables contributed significantly to the prediction of EPF (standardized regression coefficients = FFM [1.00], FLX [0.92], EXT [-0.62], and HT [-0.35]). Percent body fat did not contribute to any of the stepwise models. These findings suggested that age-related increases in HT and FFM, as well as training for increases in FLX and EXT strength may improve propulsive force and swimming performance in young male swimmers.

Adiposity

Adolescent

Body Height

Body Weight

Body Weights and Measures

Child

Forearm - physiology

Humans

Male

Muscle Strength

Muscle, Skeletal - physiology

Skinfold Thickness

Swimming - physiology

Torque

Details

Title: Subtitle: Relative contributions of strength, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics to estimated propulsive force in young male swimmers
Creators: Kristen C Cochrane - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Terry J Housh - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Cory M Smith - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Ethan C Hill - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Nathaniel D M Jenkins - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Glen O Johnson - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Dona J Housh - Oral Biology
Richard J Schmidt - University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Joel T Cramer - Nutrition & Health Sciences
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.29(6), pp.1473-1479
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000942
PMID: 25785708
NLM abbreviation: J Strength Cond Res
ISSN: 1064-8011
eISSN: 1533-4287
Language: English
Date published: 06/2015
Academic Unit: Center for Social Science Innovation; Injury Prevention Research Center; Health, Sport, and Human Physiology
Record Identifier: 9984259649502771

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