Retinal Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and cART-Treated Children: A Matched Case-Control Study

Nazli Demirkaya; Sophie Cohen; Ferdinand W N M Wit; Michael D Abramoff; Reinier O Schlingemann; Taco W Kuijpers; Peter Reiss; Dasja Pajkrt; Frank D Verbraak

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16855

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Retinal Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and cART-Treated Children: A Matched Case-Control Study

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Retinal Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and cART-Treated Children: A Matched Case-Control Study

Nazli Demirkaya, Sophie Cohen, Ferdinand W N M Wit, Michael D Abramoff, Reinier O Schlingemann, Taco W Kuijpers, Peter Reiss, Dasja Pajkrt and Frank D Verbraak

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.56(6), pp.3945-3954

06/2015

DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16855

PMID: 26087360

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Abstract

Subtle structural and functional neuroretinal changes have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults without retinitis treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, studies on this subject in HIV-infected children are scarce. This study aimed to assess the presence of (neuro)retinal functional and structural differences between a group of perinatally HIV-infected children on cART and age-, sex-, ethnicity-, and socioeconomically matched healthy controls. All participants underwent an extensive ophthalmological examination, including functional tests as well as optical coherence tomography, to measure individual retinal layer thicknesses. Multivariable mixed linear regression models were used to assess possible associations between HIV status (and other HIV-related parameters) and ocular parameters, while accounting for the inclusion of both eyes and several known confounders. Thirty-three HIV-infected children (median age 13.7 years [interquartile range (IQR), 12.2-15.8], median CD4+ T-cell count 760 cells/mm3, 82% with an undetectable HIV viral load [VL]), and 36 controls (median age 12.1 years [IQR, 11.5-15.8]) were included. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was significantly lower in the HIV-infected group (1.74 vs. 1.76 logCS; P = 0.006). The patients had a significantly thinner foveal thickness (-11.2 μm, P = 0.012), which was associated with a higher peak HIV VL (-10.3 μm per log copy/mL, P = 0.016). In this study, we found a decrease in foveal thickness in HIV-infected children, which was associated with a higher peak VL. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to determine the course and clinical consequences of these foveal changes.

Multivariate Analysis

Visual Fields - physiology

Contrast Sensitivity - physiology

Fovea Centralis - physiology

Humans

Retina - physiopathology

Male

Case-Control Studies

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active

Vision Disorders - physiopathology

Nerve Fibers - physiology

Adolescent

Female

HIV Infections - drug therapy

HIV Infections - physiopathology

Child

Retina - pathology

Color Perception - physiology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Retinal Structure and Function in Perinatally HIV-Infected and cART-Treated Children: A Matched Case-Control Study
Creators: Nazli Demirkaya - Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Sophie Cohen - Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ferdinand W N M Wit - Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection an
Michael D Abramoff - Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States 6Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of I
Reinier O Schlingemann - Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 8Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Taco W Kuijpers - Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Peter Reiss - Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection an
Dasja Pajkrt - Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Frank D Verbraak - Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 10Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.56(6), pp.3945-3954
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16855
PMID: 26087360
NLM abbreviation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
ISSN: 0146-0404
eISSN: 1552-5783
Publisher: United States
Language: English
Date published: 06/2015
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Electrical and Computer Engineering; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Record Identifier: 9983806394802771

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