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Revealing the source of Jupiter’s x-ray auroral flares
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Revealing the source of Jupiter’s x-ray auroral flares

Zhonghua Yao, William R. Dunn, Emma E. Woodfield, George Clark, Barry H. Mauk, Robert W. Ebert, Denis Grodent, Bertrand Bonfond, Dongxiao Pan, I. Jonathan Rae, …
Science advances, Vol.7(28), p.0851
07/01/2021
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0851
PMCID: 8270495
PMID: 34244139

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Abstract

Jupiter’s unique x-ray aurora is driven by the same processes as Earth’s: Heavy ion scattering by electromagnetic waves. Jupiter’s rapidly rotating, strong magnetic field provides a natural laboratory that is key to understanding the dynamics of high-energy plasmas. Spectacular auroral x-ray flares are diagnostic of the most energetic processes governing magnetospheres but seemingly unique to Jupiter. Since their discovery 40 years ago, the processes that produce Jupiter’s x-ray flares have remained unknown. Here, we report simultaneous in situ satellite and space-based telescope observations that reveal the processes that produce Jupiter’s x-ray flares, showing surprising similarities to terrestrial ion aurora. Planetary-scale electromagnetic waves are observed to modulate electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, periodically causing heavy ions to precipitate and produce Jupiter’s x-ray pulses. Our findings show that ion aurorae share common mechanisms across planetary systems, despite temporal, spatial, and energetic scales varying by orders of magnitude.

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