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Risks of large portfolios
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Risks of large portfolios

Jianqing Fan, Yuan Liao and Xiaofeng Shi
Journal of econometrics, Vol.186(2), pp.367-387
06/01/2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.02.015
PMCID: PMC4504849
PMID: 26195851

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Abstract

The risk of a large portfolio is often estimated by substituting a good estimator of the volatility matrix. However, the accuracy of such a risk estimator is largely unknown. We study factor-based risk estimators under a large amount of assets, and introduce a high-confidence level upper bound (H-CLUB) to assess the estimation. The H-CLUB is constructed using the confidence interval of risk estimators with either known or unknown factors. We derive the limiting distribution of the estimated risks in high dimensionality. We find that when the dimension is large, the factor-based risk estimators have the same asymptotic variance no matter whether the factors are known or not, which is slightly smaller than that of the sample covariance-based estimator. Numerically, H-CLUB outperforms the traditional crude bounds, and provides an insightful risk assessment. In addition, our simulated results quantify the relative error in the risk estimation, which is usually negligible using 3-month daily data.
Factor models High dimensionality Principal components Sparse matrix Volatility

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