Risky bicycling behavior among youth with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Molly A Nikolas; Alexis L Elmore; Luke Franzen; Elizabeth O'Neal; Joseph K Kearney; Jodie M Plumert

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12491

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Risky bicycling behavior among youth with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Risky bicycling behavior among youth with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Molly A Nikolas, Alexis L Elmore, Luke Franzen, Elizabeth O'Neal, Joseph K Kearney and Jodie M Plumert

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, Vol.57(2), pp.141-148

02/2016

DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12491

PMCID: PMC8771970

PMID: 26610867

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8771970View

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Abstract

Injury risk from car-bicycle collisions is particularly high among youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we capitalized on advances in virtual environment technology to safely and systematically examine road-crossing behavior among child cyclists with and without ADHD. Sixty-three youth (26 with ADHD, 37 non-ADHD controls) ages 10-14 years crossed 12 intersections with continuous cross-traffic while riding a high-fidelity bicycling simulator. Traffic density (i.e., temporal gaps between vehicles) was manipulated to examine the impact of varying traffic density on behavioral indices of road crossing, including gap selection, timing of entry into the roadway, time to spare when exiting the roadway, and close calls with oncoming cars. In addition, parents filled out questionnaires assessing their child's ADHD symptomatology, temperamental characteristics, bicycling experience, and injury history. ADHD youth largely chose the same size gaps as non-ADHD youth, although ADHD youth were more likely to select smaller gap sizes following exposure to high-density traffic. In addition, youth with ADHD demonstrated poorer movement timing when entering the intersection, resulting in less time to spare when exiting the roadway. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were specifically associated with selection of smaller gaps, whereas timing deficits were specifically associated with inattention and inhibitory control. Findings highlight two related yet potentially dissociable mechanisms that may influence injury risk among youth with ADHD and provide a foundation for development of injury prevention strategies.

User-Computer Interface

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology

Bicycling

Humans

Risk-Taking

Adolescent

Male

Child

Executive Function - physiology

Psychomotor Performance - physiology

Inhibition (Psychology)

Details

Title: Subtitle: Risky bicycling behavior among youth with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Creators: Molly A Nikolas - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Alexis L Elmore - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Luke Franzen - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Elizabeth O'Neal - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Joseph K Kearney - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Jodie M Plumert - Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, Vol.57(2), pp.141-148
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12491
PMID: 26610867
PMCID: PMC8771970
NLM abbreviation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry
ISSN: 0021-9630
eISSN: 1469-7610
Publisher: England
Grant note: 5R49CE002108-03 / NCIPC CDC HHS
Language: English
Date published: 02/2016
Academic Unit: Psychological and Brain Sciences; Nursing; Injury Prevention Research Center; Computer Science
Record Identifier: 9984002578502771

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