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SAMHD1 Promotes the Antiretroviral Adaptive Immune Response in Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide
Journal article   Peer reviewed

SAMHD1 Promotes the Antiretroviral Adaptive Immune Response in Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide

BradleyS Barrett, David H Nguyen, Joella Xu, Kejun Guo, Shravida Shetty, Sean T Jones, Kaylee L Mickens, Caitlin Shepard, Axel Roers, Rayk Behrendt, …
The Journal of immunology (1950), Vol.208(2), pp.444-453
01/15/2022
DOI: 10.4049/JIMMUNOL.2001389
PMCID: PMC8755609
PMID: 34893529

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Abstract

SAMHD1 is a potent HIV-1 restriction factor that blocks reverse transcription in monocytes, dendritic cells and resting CD4 T cells by decreasing intracellular dNTP pools. However, SAMHD1 may diminish innate immune sensing and Ag presentation, resulting in a weaker adaptive immune response. To date, the role of SAMHD1 on antiretroviral immunity remains unclear, as mouse SAMHD1 had no impact on murine retrovirus replication in prior in vivo studies. Here, we show that SAMHD1 significantly inhibits acute Friend retrovirus infection in mice. Pretreatment with LPS, a significant driver of inflammation during HIV-1 infection, further unmasked a role for SAMHD1 in influencing immune responses. LPS treatment in vivo doubled the intracellular dNTP levels in immune compartments of SAMHD1 knockout but not wild-type mice. SAMHD1 knockout mice exhibited higher plasma infectious viremia and proviral DNA loads than wild-type mice at 7 d postinfection (dpi), and proviral loads inversely correlated with a stronger CD8 T cell response. SAMHD1 deficiency was also associated with weaker NK, CD4 T and CD8 T cell responses by 14 dpi and weaker neutralizing Ab responses by 28 dpi. Intriguingly, SAMHD1 influenced these cell-mediated immune (14 dpi) and neutralizing Ab (28 dpi) responses in male but not female mice. Our findings formally demonstrate SAMHD1 as an antiretroviral factor in vivo that could promote adaptive immune responses in a sex-dependent manner. The requirement for LPS to unravel the SAMHD1 immunological phenotype suggests that comorbidities associated with a "leaky" gut barrier may influence the antiviral function of SAMHD1 in vivo.
Adaptive Immunity - immunology Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Viral - blood Antigen Presentation - immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology DNA, Viral - blood Female Friend murine leukemia virus - growth & development Friend murine leukemia virus - immunology Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Retroviridae Infections - prevention & control Retroviridae Infections - virology Reverse Transcription - genetics SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 - genetics SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 - immunology Viral Load

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