Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

Bingtao Gao; Anthony A Rojas Chavez; Walla I Malkawi; Daniel W Keefe; Rasheid Smith; Hillel Haim; Aliasger K Salem; Fatima Toor

doi:10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100487

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Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor

Bingtao Gao, Anthony A Rojas Chavez, Walla I Malkawi, Daniel W Keefe, Rasheid Smith, Hillel Haim, Aliasger K Salem and Fatima Toor

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, Vol.36, pp.100487-100487

06/2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100487

PMCID: PMC8937609

PMID: 35340912

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous damage to the world. In order to quickly and accurately diagnose the virus and contain the spread, there is a need for rapid, sensitive, accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 biosensors. In this paper, we report on a novel biosensor based on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2)-conjugated vertically-oriented silicon nanowire (vSiNW) arrays that can detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with high sensitivity and selectivity relative to negative controls. First, we demonstrate the efficacy of using ACE-2 receptor to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via a capture assay test, which confirms high specificity of ACE-2 against the mock protein, and high affinity between the spike and ACE-2. We then report on results for ACE-2-conjugated vSiNW arrays where the biosensor device architecture is based on a p-n junction transducer. We confirm via analytical modeling that the transduction mechanism of the biosensor involves induced surface charge depletion of the vSiNWs due to negative electrostatic surface potential induced by the spike protein after binding with ACE-2. This vSiNW surface charge modulation is measured via current-voltage characteristics of the functionalized biosensor. Calibrated concentration dependent electrical response of the vSiNW sensor confirms the limit-of-detection for virus spike concentration of 100 ng/ml (or 575 pM). The vSiNW sensor also exhibits highly specific response to the spike protein with respect to negative controls, offering a promising point-of-care detection method for SARS-CoV-2.

COVID-19

Label-free detection

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE)

Point-of-care device

SARS-CoV-2

Silicon nanowire biosensor

Details

Title: Subtitle: Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor
Creators: Bingtao Gao - University of Iowa
Anthony A Rojas Chavez - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
Walla I Malkawi - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Daniel W Keefe - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
Rasheid Smith - University of Iowa
Hillel Haim - University of Iowa
Aliasger K Salem - University of Iowa
Fatima Toor - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, Vol.36, pp.100487-100487
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100487
PMID: 35340912
PMCID: PMC8937609
NLM abbreviation: Sens Biosensing Res
ISSN: 2214-1804
eISSN: 2214-1804
Publisher: Elsevier B.V
Language: English
Date published: 06/2022
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Electrical and Computer Engineering; Microbiology and Immunology; Iowa Technology Institute; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics; Physics and Astronomy; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center; Dental Research; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
Record Identifier: 9984230624602771

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