Journal article
Separating Daily 1 km PM 2.5 Inorganic Chemical Composition in China since 2000 via Deep Learning Integrating Ground, Satellite, and Model Data
Environmental science & technology, Vol.57(46), pp.18282-18295
11/21/2023
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00272
PMCID: PMC10231340
PMID: 37114869
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM
) chemical composition has strong and diverse impacts on the planetary environment, climate, and health. These effects are still not well understood due to limited surface observations and uncertainties in chemical model simulations. We developed a four-dimensional spatiotemporal deep forest (4D-STDF) model to estimate daily PM
chemical composition at a spatial resolution of 1 km in China since 2000 by integrating measurements of PM
species from a high-density observation network, satellite PM
retrievals, atmospheric reanalyses, and model simulations. Cross-validation results illustrate the reliability of sulfate (SO
), nitrate (NO
), ammonium (NH
), and chloride (Cl
) estimates, with high coefficients of determination (CV-R
) with ground-based observations of 0.74, 0.75, 0.71, and 0.66, and average root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of 6.0, 6.6, 4.3, and 2.3 μg/m
, respectively. The three components of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) account for 21% (SO
), 20% (NO
), and 14% (NH
) of the total PM
mass in eastern China; we observed significant reductions in the mass of inorganic components by 40-43% between 2013 and 2020, slowing down since 2018. Comparatively, the ratio of SIA to PM
increased by 7% across eastern China except in Beijing and nearby areas, accelerating in recent years. SO
has been the dominant SIA component in eastern China, although it was surpassed by NO
in some areas, e.g., Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region since 2016. SIA, accounting for nearly half (∼46%) of the PM
mass, drove the explosive formation of winter haze episodes in the North China Plain. A sharp decline in SIA concentrations and an increase in SIA-to-PM
ratios during the COVID-19 lockdown were also revealed, reflecting the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity and formation of secondary particles.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Separating Daily 1 km PM 2.5 Inorganic Chemical Composition in China since 2000 via Deep Learning Integrating Ground, Satellite, and Model Data
- Creators
- Jing Wei - University of Maryland, College ParkZhanqing Li - University of Maryland, College ParkXi Chen - National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaChi Li - Washington University in St. LouisYele Sun - State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaJun Wang - Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, United StatesAlexei Lyapustin - Goddard Space Flight CenterGuy Pierre Brasseur - NSF National Center for Atmospheric ResearchMengjiao Jiang - Chengdu University of Information TechnologyLin Sun - Shandong University of Science and TechnologyTao Wang - Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChang Hoon Jung - Incheon National UniversityBing Qiu - Civil Aviation Administration of ChinaCuilan Fang - Jiulongpo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400039, ChinaXuhui Liu - Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030015, ChinaJinrui Hao - Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030015, ChinaYan Wang - Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150010, ChinaMing Zhan - Pudong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200120, ChinaXiaohong Song - Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, ChinaYuewei Liu - Sun Yat-sen University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science & technology, Vol.57(46), pp.18282-18295
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.est.3c00272
- PMID
- 37114869
- PMCID
- PMC10231340
- ISSN
- 0013-936X
- eISSN
- 1520-5851
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100016834, name: Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, award: 2019MSXM069; DOI: 10.13039/501100004761, name: Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province, award: 821MS150; DOI: 10.13039/100000104, name: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, award: 80NSSC21K1980; DOI: 10.13039/501100001809, name: National Natural Science Foundation of China, award: U1633130, 41771435; DOI: 10.13039/100000001, name: National Science Foundation; name: NASA NNH20ZDA001N-SNPPSP funding; name: First batch of key Disciplines on Public Health in Chongqing; name: NASA MODIS maintenance program; DOI: 10.13039/501100002865, name: Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, award: 2019MSXM069
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 04/28/2023
- Date published
- 11/21/2023
- Academic Unit
- Electrical and Computer Engineering; Civil and Environmental Engineering; Iowa Technology Institute; Physics and Astronomy; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Record Identifier
- 9984399497902771
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