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Sepsis, Cytokine Storms, and Immunopathology: The Divide between Neonates and Adults
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Sepsis, Cytokine Storms, and Immunopathology: The Divide between Neonates and Adults

Kara G Greenfield, Vladimir P Badovinac, Thomas S Griffith and Kathryn A Knoop
ImmunoHorizons, Vol.5(6), pp.512-522
06/01/2021
DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000104
PMCID: PMC8686527
PMID: 34183380
url
https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2000104View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Sepsis can result from a variety of pathogens, originating from a range of sources. A vast range of presenting symptoms is included in the catch-all term of “bacteremia,” making diagnosis and prognosis particularly troublesome. One underexplored factor contributing to disparate outcomes is the age of the patient. Neonatal sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants can result in vastly different immunological outcomes unique from sepsis in adults. It is also becoming increasingly clear, both from preclinical experimental models and clinical observations, that the age and history of previous microbial exposures can significantly influence the course of infection from sepsis and cytokine storms to immunopathology. In this study, we will explore key differences between neonatal and adult sepsis, experimental models used to study sepsis, and how responses to the surrounding microbial universe shape development of the immune system and impact, positively or negatively, the course of disease.

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