Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity

Glen R Hood; Andrew A Forbes; Thomas H Q Powell; Scott P Egan; Gabriela Hamerlinck; James J Smith; Jeffrey L Feder

doi:10.1073/pnas.1424717112

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Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity

Glen R Hood, Andrew A Forbes, Thomas H Q Powell, Scott P Egan, Gabriela Hamerlinck, James J Smith and Jeffrey L Feder

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.112(44), pp.E5980-E5989

11/03/2015

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424717112

PMCID: PMC4640724

PMID: 26499247

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Abstract

Phenotypic and genetic variation in one species can influence the composition of interacting organisms within communities and across ecosystems. As a result, the divergence of one species may not be an isolated process, as the origin of one taxon could create new niche opportunities for other species to exploit, leading to the genesis of many new taxa in a process termed "sequential divergence." Here, we test for such a multiplicative effect of sequential divergence in a community of host-specific parasitoid wasps, Diachasma alloeum, Utetes canaliculatus, and Diachasmimorpha mellea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), that attack Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies in the R. pomonella species complex radiated by sympatrically shifting and ecologically adapting to new host plants, the most recent example being the apple-infesting host race of R. pomonella formed via a host plant shift from hawthorn-infesting flies within the last 160 y. Using population genetics, field-based behavioral observations, host fruit odor discrimination assays, and analyses of life history timing, we show that the same host-related ecological selection pressures that differentially adapt and reproductively isolate Rhagoletis to their respective host plants (host-associated differences in the timing of adult eclosion, host fruit odor preference and avoidance behaviors, and mating site fidelity) cascade through the ecosystem and induce host-associated genetic divergence for each of the three members of the parasitoid community. Thus, divergent selection at lower trophic levels can potentially multiplicatively and rapidly amplify biodiversity at higher levels on an ecological time scale, which may sequentially contribute to the rich diversity of life.

Animals

DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics

Microsatellite Repeats - genetics

Molecular Sequence Data

Wasps - classification

Wasps - genetics

Wasps - physiology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity
Creators: Glen R Hood - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; ghood@nd.edu
Andrew A Forbes - Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
Thomas H Q Powell - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Scott P Egan - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Environmental Change Initiative and Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Department of Biosciences, Anderson Biological Laboratories, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
Gabriela Hamerlinck - Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
James J Smith - Department of Entomology and Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Jeffrey L Feder - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; Environmental Change Initiative and Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.112(44), pp.E5980-E5989
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424717112
PMID: 26499247
PMCID: PMC4640724
NLM abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN: 0027-8424
eISSN: 1091-6490
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Grant note: DOI: 10.13039/100000001, name: National Science Foundation, award: DEB-1145573; DOI: 10.13039/100000001, name: National Science Foundation, award: DEB-1310850; DOI: 10.13039/100006974, name: Indiana Academy of Sciences, award: IAS-GRH; DOI: 10.13039/100006291, name: Entomological Society of America, award: ESA-GRH; DOI: 10.13039/100011084, name: Sigma Xi, award: Sigma Xi-GRH
Language: English
Date published: 11/03/2015
Academic Unit: Biology; University College Courses
Record Identifier: 9984217527802771

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