Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adolescents

Noah Kreski; Jonathan Platt; Caroline Rutherford; Mark Olfson; Candice Odgers; John Schulenberg; Katherine M Keyes

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.006

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Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adolescents

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adolescents

Noah Kreski, Jonathan Platt, Caroline Rutherford, Mark Olfson, Candice Odgers, John Schulenberg and Katherine M Keyes

Journal of adolescent health, Vol.68(3), pp.572-579

03/2021

DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.006

PMCID: PMC7876159

PMID: 32798102

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7876159View

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Abstract

Depression is increasingly common among US adolescents; the extent to which social media exposure contributes to this increase remains controversial. We used Monitoring the Future data from 8th and 10th grade students (n = 74,472), 2009–2017, to assess the relationship between daily social media use and depressive symptoms. Self-reported depressive symptom score (range: 4–20) was assessed continuously using a log-transformed outcome and at varying cut scores with logistic regression analyses. First, these outcomes were examined overall, comparing adolescents using social media daily to adolescents who were not. We then estimated predicted depressive symptom scores using 26 predictors in order to establish underlying depression risk. We partitioned students into depression risk quintiles to control for confounding due to underlying depression risk and examine heterogeneity in the association between social media use and depressive symptoms. Sensitivity analyses were used to test the robustness of results with different configurations of the predicted score model, and overall associations were examined in two-year groups to identify differences in effects. For girls, in adjusted risk-stratified analysis, daily social media use was not associated with high (vs. low) depressive symptoms. For boys, results were inconsistent, suggesting a protective effect of daily social media use at some cut scores. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses, and any potential harmful effects appear to be limited to 2009–2010, limiting the evidence supporting social media as a current risk factor for depressive symptoms. Among US adolescents, daily social media use is not a strong or consistent risk factor for depressive symptoms.

Adolescent development

Depression

Epidemiology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adolescents
Creators: Noah Kreski - Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Jonathan Platt - Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Caroline Rutherford - Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Mark Olfson - Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Candice Odgers - Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, California
John Schulenberg - Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Katherine M Keyes - Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of adolescent health, Vol.68(3), pp.572-579
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.006
PMID: 32798102
PMCID: PMC7876159
NLM abbreviation: J Adolesc Health
ISSN: 1054-139X
eISSN: 1879-1972
Publisher: Elsevier Inc
Grant note: National Institute on Drug Abuse (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000026)
Language: English
Date published: 03/2021
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984214845002771

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