Social cognition and social motivation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: are impairments linked to the disorder or to being socially isolated?

Michael F Green; Jonathan K Wynn; Naomi I Eisenberger; William P Horan; Junghee Lee; Amanda McCleery; David J Miklowitz; Eric A Reavis; L Felice Reddy

doi:10.1017/S0033291724000102

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Social cognition and social motivation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: are impairments linked to the disorder or to being socially isolated?

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Social cognition and social motivation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: are impairments linked to the disorder or to being socially isolated?

Michael F Green, Jonathan K Wynn, Naomi I Eisenberger, William P Horan, Junghee Lee, Amanda McCleery, David J Miklowitz, Eric A Reavis and L Felice Reddy

Psychological medicine, Vol.54(9), pp.2015-2023

02/05/2024

DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724000102

PMCID: PMC11413338

PMID: 38314526

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Abstract

People with schizophrenia on average are more socially isolated, lonelier, have more social cognitive impairment, and are less socially motivated than healthy individuals. People with bipolar disorder also have social isolation, though typically less than that seen in schizophrenia. We aimed to disentangle whether the social cognitive and social motivation impairments observed in schizophrenia are a specific feature of the clinical condition social isolation generally. We compared four groups (clinically stable patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, individuals drawn from the community with self-described social isolation, and a socially connected community control group) on loneliness, social cognition, and approach and avoidance social motivation. Individuals with schizophrenia ( = 72) showed intermediate levels of social isolation, loneliness, and social approach motivation between the isolated ( = 96) and connected control ( = 55) groups. However, they showed significant deficits in social cognition compared to both community groups. Individuals with bipolar disorder ( = 48) were intermediate between isolated and control groups for loneliness and social approach. They did not show deficits on social cognition tasks. Both clinical groups had higher social avoidance than both community groups. The results suggest that social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, and high social avoidance motivation in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are distinct features of the clinical conditions and not byproducts of social isolation. In contrast, differences between clinical and control groups on levels of loneliness and social approach motivation were congruent with the groups' degree of social isolation.

Schizophrenia

social isolation

bipolar disorder

social cognition

social motivation

Details

Title: Subtitle: Social cognition and social motivation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: are impairments linked to the disorder or to being socially isolated?
Creators: Michael F Green - VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
Jonathan K Wynn - VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
Naomi I Eisenberger - University of California, Los Angeles
William P Horan - Karuna Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
Junghee Lee - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Amanda McCleery - University of Iowa
David J Miklowitz - University of California, Los Angeles
Eric A Reavis - VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
L Felice Reddy - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Psychological medicine, Vol.54(9), pp.2015-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291724000102
PMID: 38314526
PMCID: PMC11413338
NLM abbreviation: Psychol Med
ISSN: 0033-2917
eISSN: 1469-8978
Grant note: R01 MH110470 / NIMH NIH HHS
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 02/05/2024
Academic Unit: Psychiatry; Psychological and Brain Sciences; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
Record Identifier: 9984557944502771

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