Journal article
Sources and toxicities of phenolic polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs)
Environmental science and pollution research international, Vol.25(17), pp.16277-16290
06/2018
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9694-x
PMCID: PMC5785587
PMID: 28744683
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of 209 congeners that differ in the number and position of chlorines on the biphenyl ring, are anthropogenic chemicals that belong to the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). For many years, PCBs have been a topic of interest because of their biomagnification in the food chain and their environmental persistence. PCBs with fewer chlorine atoms, however, are less persistent and more susceptible to metabolic attack, giving rise to chemicals characterized by the addition of one or more hydroxyl groups to the chlorinated biphenyl skeleton, collectively known as hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs). In animals and plants, this biotransformation of PCBs to OH-PCBs is primarily carried out by cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases. One of the reasons for infrequent detection of lower chlorinated PCBs in serum and other biological matrices is their shorter half-lives, and their metabolic transformation, resulting in OH-PCBs or their conjugates, such as sulfates and glucuronides, or macromolecule adducts. Recent biomonitoring studies have reported the presence of OH-PCBs in human serum. The occurrence of OH-PCBs, the size of this group (there are 837 mono-hydroxyl PCBs alone), and their wide spectra of physical characteristics (pKa's and log P's ranging over 5 to 6 orders of magnitude) give rise to a multiplicity of biological effects. Among those are bioactivation to electrophilic metabolites that can form covalent adducts with DNA and other macromolecules, interference with hormonal signaling, inhibition of enzymes that regulate cellular concentrations of active hormones, and interference with the transport of hormones. This new information creates an urgent need for a new perspective on these often overlooked metabolites.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Sources and toxicities of phenolic polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs)
- Creators
- Kiran Dhakal - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus #219 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USAGopi S Gadupudi - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus #219 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USAHans-Joachim Lehmler - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus #219 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USAGabriele Ludewig - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus #219 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USAMichael W Duffel - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USALarry W Robertson - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus #219 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USA. larry-robertson@uiowa.edu
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science and pollution research international, Vol.25(17), pp.16277-16290
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11356-017-9694-x
- PMID
- 28744683
- PMCID
- PMC5785587
- NLM abbreviation
- Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
- ISSN
- 0944-1344
- eISSN
- 1614-7499
- Publisher
- Germany
- Grant note
- P30 ES005605 / NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES013661 / NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES013661 / National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P30 CA086862 / NCI NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/2018
- Academic Unit
- Occupational and Environmental Health; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics; Iowa Superfund Research Program; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry
- Record Identifier
- 9983997308702771
Metrics
24 Record Views