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Spinal Cord Neuromodulation for Voiding Dysfunction
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Spinal Cord Neuromodulation for Voiding Dysfunction

JOSEPH Costa and KARL Kreder
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, Vol.43(3), pp.676-688
09/2000
DOI: 10.1097/00003081-200009000-00027
PMID: 10949769

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Abstract

A clear understanding of the pathophysiology and neurophysiologic effect of neuromodulation is lacking. Apparently there is a balance of efferent and afferent negative and positive feedback loops that are augmented by external electrical stimulation. This effect may be dramatic even in patients who have have not benefited from virtually every other form of treatment.

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