Journal article
Stable Isotope-Enabled Pathway Elucidation of 2,4-Dinitroanisole Metabolized by Rhizobium lichtii
Environmental science & technology letters, Vol.2(12), pp.362-366
12/08/2015
DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00278
Abstract
Recently developed military explosives are safer to handle, but more environmentally mobile, than traditional explosives. The new insensitive munitions, including 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), have been sparsely studied, making the use of bacterial and/or plant-based remediation approaches unfeasible without further information about the transformation of these compounds. To that end, Rhizobium lichtii isolated from willow tree tissues were studied and observed to completely degrade 5 mg L–1 DNAN within 24 h in liquid media with added carbon and nitrogen. The use of DNAN, [13C6]DNAN, and [15N2]DNAN enabled the identification of 11 previously unknown metabolites resulting from sulfation, acetylation, and/or methylation processes. Accurate mass analysis revealed DNAN metabolites with ion formulas of C7H7N2O6S, C7H7N2O7S, C9H9N2O5, C8H7N2O4, and C9H9N2O4. Further mass spectral analysis provided evidence of various combinations of amino and hydroxylamino DNAN metabolites. Nitro reduction was observed for the first time at the para position of DNAN to produce 4-amino-2-nitroanisole.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Stable Isotope-Enabled Pathway Elucidation of 2,4-Dinitroanisole Metabolized by Rhizobium lichtii
- Creators
- Hunter W SchroerKathryn L LangenfeldXueshu LiHans-Joachim LehmlerCraig L Just
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science & technology letters, Vol.2(12), pp.362-366
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00278
- ISSN
- 2328-8930
- eISSN
- 2328-8930
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000066, name: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, award: ES013661; DOI: 10.13039/100011126, name: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, award: GP 18020199
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 12/08/2015
- Academic Unit
- Civil and Environmental Engineering; Occupational and Environmental Health; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; IIHR--Hydroscience and Engineering
- Record Identifier
- 9983992089002771
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