Staphylococcal superantigens interact with multiple host receptors to cause serious diseases

Christopher Stach; Alfa Herrera; Patrick Schlievert

doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8539-7

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Staphylococcal superantigens interact with multiple host receptors to cause serious diseases

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Staphylococcal superantigens interact with multiple host receptors to cause serious diseases

Christopher Stach, Alfa Herrera and Patrick Schlievert

Immunologic research, Vol.59(1), pp.177-181

08/2014

DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8539-7

PMCID: PMC4125451

PMID: 24838262

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4125451View

Open Access

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus strains that cause human diseases produce a large family of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (SAgs). These include toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), and the SE-like proteins; to date, 23 staphylococcal SAgs have been described. Among the SAgs, three have been highly associated with human diseases (TSST-1, SEB, and SEC), likely because they are produced in high concentrations compared to other SAgs. Another major family of exotoxins produced by S. aureus is the cytolysins, particularly α-, β-, γ-, and δ-toxins, phenol soluble modulins, and leukocidins. This review discusses the association of SAgs with human diseases and particularly the “outside-in” signaling mechanism that leads to SAg-associated diseases. We discuss SAg interactions with three host immune cell receptors, including variable regions of the β-chain of the T cell receptor, MHC II α- and/or β-chains, and an epithelial/endothelial cell receptor that may include CD40. To a lesser extent, we discuss the role of cytolysins in facilitating disease production by SAgs.

Allergology

Immunology

Medicine & Public Health

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Superantigen

Internal Medicine

TSST-1

Menstrual toxic shock

Medicine/Public Health, general

Details

Title: Subtitle: Staphylococcal superantigens interact with multiple host receptors to cause serious diseases
Creators: Christopher Stach - Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa 51 Newton Road Iowa City IA 52242 USA
Alfa Herrera - Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa 51 Newton Road Iowa City IA 52242 USA
Patrick Schlievert - Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa 51 Newton Road Iowa City IA 52242 USA
Contributors: Gail A Bishop (Editor)
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Immunologic research, Vol.59(1), pp.177-181
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8539-7
PMID: 24838262
PMCID: PMC4125451
NLM abbreviation: Immunol Res
ISSN: 0257-277X
eISSN: 1559-0755
Publisher: Springer US; New York
Language: English
Date published: 08/2014
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology; President; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984002399102771

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