Journal article
Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins Are Present In Vivo in Tampons
Clinical and vaccine immunology, Vol.17(5), pp.722-727
05/2010
DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00483-09
PMCID: PMC2863369
PMID: 20335433
Abstract
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) is the cause of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) associated with vaginal colonization by
Staphylococcus aureus
. In this pilot study, we measured TSST-1 and alpha-toxin, another exotoxin, on used tampons from four healthy women with
S. aureus
on tampons and from two women with tampon-associated mTSS. Tampons from all six women were sectioned into approximately 0.5-cm
3
pieces, some containing menstrual blood and some lacking menstrual blood. The pH of tampon sections with or without menstrual blood was neutral.
S. aureus
CFU were present in tampon sections at approximately equivalent counts (total counts were 1 × 10
8
to 2 × 10
9
CFU/tampon). TSST-1 (2 to 80 μg/tampon) and alpha-toxin (28 to 30 μg/tampon) were present only in the sections containing little or no menstrual blood (low hemoglobin density). In the tampons from TSS patients, the cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was detected only in menstrual-blood-containing sections, whereas the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 3α and interleukin-8 were detected in all sections. Thus, IFN-γ was being produced systemically, whereas the chemokines were being produced both locally by epithelial cells and systemically. The data show that
S. aureus
exotoxins can be identified in tampons
ex vivo
in sites with low hemoglobin density.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins Are Present In Vivo in Tampons
- Creators
- Patrick M Schlievert - the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224Kimberly A Nemeth - the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224Catherine C Davis - the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224Marnie L Peterson - the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224Bruce E Jones - the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Clinical and vaccine immunology, Vol.17(5), pp.722-727
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
- DOI
- 10.1128/CVI.00483-09
- PMID
- 20335433
- PMCID
- PMC2863369
- ISSN
- 1556-6811
- eISSN
- 1556-679X
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/2010
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984001216202771
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