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Survival End Points for Huntington Disease Trials Prior to a Motor Diagnosis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Survival End Points for Huntington Disease Trials Prior to a Motor Diagnosis

Jeffrey D Long, James A Mills, Blair R Leavitt, Alexandra Durr, Raymund A Roos, Julie C Stout, Ralf Reilmann, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Sarah Gregory, Rachael I Scahill, …
JAMA neurology, Vol.74(11), pp.1352-1360
11/01/2017
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2107
PMCID: PMC5710578
PMID: 28975278
url
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2107View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Predictive genetic testing in Huntington disease (HD) enables therapeutic trials in HTT gene expansion mutation carriers prior to a motor diagnosis. Progression-free survival (PFS) is the composite of a motor diagnosis or a progression event, whichever comes first.\nTo determine if PFS provides feasible sample sizes for trials with mutation carriers who have not yet received a motor diagnosis.\nThis study uses data from the 2-phase, longitudinal cohort studies called Track and from a longitudinal cohort study called the Cooperative Huntington Observational Research Trial (COHORT). Track had 167 prediagnosis mutation carriers and 156 noncarriers, whereas COHORT had 366 prediagnosis mutation carriers and noncarriers. Track studies were conducted at 4 sites in 4 countries (Canada, France, England, and the Netherlands) from which data were collected from January 17, 2008, through November 17, 2014. The COHORT was conducted at 38 sites in 3 countries (Australia, Canada, and the United States) from which data were collected from February 14, 2006, through December 31, 2009. Results from the Track data were externally validated with data from the COHORT. The required sample size was estimated for a 2-arm prediagnosis clinical trial. Data analysis took place from May 1, 2016, to June 10, 2017.\nThe primary end point is PFS. Huntington disease progression events are defined for the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale total motor score, total functional capacity, symbol digit modalities test, and Stroop word test.\nOf Track's 167 prediagnosis mutation carriers, 93 (55.6%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 40.06 (8.92) years; of the 156 noncarriers, 87 (55.7%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 45.58 (10.30) years. Of the 366 COHORT participants, 229 (62.5%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 42.21 (12.48) years. The PFS curves of the Track mutation carriers showed good external validity with the COHORT mutation carriers after adjusting for initial progression. For required sample size, PFS with a motor diagnosis or total motor score progression required about 4 times fewer participants than a motor diagnosis alone. Including additional cognitive progression events further reduced the number. For example, a 3-year trial with 10% attrition and a treatment effect of 50% requires a total of 661 with motor diagnosis as the survival end point but only 177 with a total motor score PFS.\nReasonably sized prediagnosis Huntington disease trials can be planned with PFS, and there is evidence of generalizability of this approach.
United States Humans Middle Aged England Male Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Progression Canada Disease-Free Survival Netherlands Huntington Disease - genetics Adult Female Heterozygote Huntington Disease - diagnosis Australia France Longitudinal Studies

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