Sustained Delivery of Timolol Maleate for Over 90 Days by Subconjunctival Injection

Erin Lavik; Markus H Kuehn; Andrew J Shoffstall; Kristyn Atkins; Alina V Dumitrescu; Young H Kwon

doi:10.1089/jop.2016.0042

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Sustained Delivery of Timolol Maleate for Over 90 Days by Subconjunctival Injection

Journal article

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Sustained Delivery of Timolol Maleate for Over 90 Days by Subconjunctival Injection

Erin Lavik, Markus H Kuehn, Andrew J Shoffstall, Kristyn Atkins, Alina V Dumitrescu and Young H Kwon

Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics, Vol.32(10), pp.642-649

12/01/2016

DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0042

PMCID: PMC5165680

PMID: 27835065

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Abstract

Purpose: Medical treatment of glaucoma relies on intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications, typically administered daily by the patient. While these medications are effective when applied correctly, patient adherence is a major obstacle in glaucoma treatment. We have developed a sustained-release formulation of timolol maleate that can be injected subconjunctivally to avoid patient noncompliance. Methods: A biodegradable microsphere formulation for timolol maleate was injected subconjunctivally in normal rabbits. We measured timolol levels in tears, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and serum of study rabbits. Furthermore, IOP profiles were recorded longitudinally. Tissue compatibility and side effects were evaluated using histochemistry. Results: The microsphere formulation led to measureable amounts of timolol in the aqueous humor and the tear film for up to 90 days. Timolol was not detectable in the serum at any time. A significant reduction of IOP was observed in treated eyes. Clinically, the subconjunctival administration of the microspheres was well tolerated with no signs of inflammation or infection. The absence of local inflammation was confirmed by histology. Conclusions: A single subconjunctival administration of timolol microspheres achieved delivery and IOP reduction in rabbits for up to 90 days without local or systemic inflammation or toxicity. This approach has the potential to improve the management of glaucoma in patient populations, who are challenged to adhere to a regimen of daily eye drops.

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Title: Subtitle: Sustained Delivery of Timolol Maleate for Over 90 Days by Subconjunctival Injection
Creators: Erin Lavik - 1Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
Markus H Kuehn - 3Iowa City Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa
Andrew J Shoffstall - 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Kristyn Atkins - 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Alina V Dumitrescu - 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Young H Kwon - 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics, Vol.32(10), pp.642-649
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0042
PMID: 27835065
PMCID: PMC5165680
NLM abbreviation: J Ocul Pharmacol Ther
ISSN: 1080-7683
eISSN: 1557-7732
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
Language: English
Date published: 12/01/2016
Academic Unit: Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Record Identifier: 9983980088202771

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