Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Shylo E Wardyn; Brett M Forshey; Sarah A Farina; Ashley E Kates; Rajeshwari Nair; Megan K Quick; James Y Wu; Blake M Hanson; Sean M O'Malley; Hannah W Shows; Ellen M Heywood; Laura E Beane-Freeman; Charles F Lynch; Margaret Carrel; Tara C Smith

doi:10.1093/cid/civ234

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Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Shylo E Wardyn, Brett M Forshey, Sarah A Farina, Ashley E Kates, Rajeshwari Nair, Megan K Quick, James Y Wu, Blake M Hanson, Sean M O'Malley, Hannah W Shows, …

Clinical infectious diseases, Vol.61(1), pp.59-66

07/01/2015

DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ234

PMCID: PMC4481598

PMID: 25931444

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Abstract

Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-SA) has been documented worldwide. However, much remains unknown about LA-SA colonization and infection, especially in rural environments. We conducted a large-scale prospective study of 1342 Iowans, including individuals with livestock contact and a community-based comparison group. Nasal and throat swabs were collected to determine colonization at enrollment, and skin infection swabs over 17 months were assessed for S. aureus. Outcomes included carriage of S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), tetracycline-resistant S. aureus (TRSA), multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), and LA-SA. Of 1342 participants, 351 (26.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23.8%-28.6%) carried S. aureus. MRSA was isolated from 34 (2.5%; 95% CI, 1.8%-3.5%) and LA-SA from 131 (9.8%; 95% CI, 8.3%-11.5%) of the 1342 participants. Individuals with current swine exposure were significantly more likely to carry S. aureus (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2), TRSA (PR, 8.4; 95% CI, 5.6-12.6), MDRSA (PR, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.8-10.0), and LA-SA (PR, 5.8; 95% CI, 3.9-8.4) than those lacking exposure. Skin infections (n = 103) were reported from 67 individuals, yielding an incidence rate of 6.6 (95% CI, 4.9-8.9) per 1000 person-months. Current swine workers are 6 times more likely to carry MDRSA than those without current swine exposure. We observed active infections caused by LA-SA. This finding suggests that individuals with livestock contact may have a high prevalence of exposure to, and potentially infection with, antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains, including LA-SA strains.

Agriculture

Carrier State - epidemiology

Prevalence

Prospective Studies

Skin - microbiology

Humans

Middle Aged

Occupational Exposure

Carrier State - microbiology

Child, Preschool

Infant

Male

Young Adult

Swine

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

Aged, 80 and over

Adult

Female

Iowa - epidemiology

Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology

Child

Pharynx - microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification

Risk Factors

Environmental Exposure

Animals

Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology

Adolescent

Nasal Cavity - microbiology

Aged

Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects

Details

Title: Subtitle: Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: Shylo E Wardyn - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Brett M Forshey - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Sarah A Farina - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
Ashley E Kates - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Rajeshwari Nair - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Megan K Quick - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
James Y Wu - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Blake M Hanson - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Sean M O'Malley - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
Hannah W Shows - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
Ellen M Heywood - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
Laura E Beane-Freeman - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
Charles F Lynch - Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health
Margaret Carrel - Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
Tara C Smith - Kent State University
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Clinical infectious diseases, Vol.61(1), pp.59-66
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ234
PMID: 25931444
PMCID: PMC4481598
NLM abbreviation: Clin Infect Dis
ISSN: 1058-4838
eISSN: 1537-6591
Publisher: United States
Grant note: P30 ES005605 / NIEHS NIH HHS Z01-CP010119 / NCI NIH HHS Z01 CP010119 / Intramural NIH HHS R18 HS019966 / AHRQ HHS
Language: English
Date published: 07/01/2015
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Interdisciplinary Programs; Geographical and Sustainability Sciences; Otolaryngology; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9983984544302771

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