T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses

Rudragouda Channappanavar; Jincun Zhao; Stanley Perlman

doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z

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T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses

Rudragouda Channappanavar, Jincun Zhao and Stanley Perlman

Immunologic research, Vol.59(1-3), pp.118-128

08/2014

DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z

PMCID: PMC4125530

PMID: 24845462

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Abstract

Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of studies carried out in SARS-CoV-infected humans and animals attribute a dysregulated/exuberant innate response as a leading contributor to SARS-CoV-mediated pathology. A decade after the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic, we do not have any approved preventive or therapeutic agents available in case of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or other related viruses. A strong neutralizing antibody response generated against the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV is completely protective in the susceptible host. However, neutralizing antibody titers and the memory B cell response are short lived in SARS-recovered patients and the antibody will target primary homologous strain. Interestingly, the acute phase of SARS in humans is associated with a severe reduction in the number of T cells in the blood. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response in respiratory coronavirus pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of anti-virus CD4 and CD8 T cells during respiratory coronavirus infections with a special emphasis on emerging coronaviruses.

SARS Virus - immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - epidemiology

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology

Humans

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - immunology

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - immunology

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology

Animals

B-Lymphocytes - immunology

Time Factors

Portraits as Topic

Immunologic Memory

B-Lymphocytes - pathology

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - pathology

Immunity, Cellular

Details

Title: Subtitle: T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses
Creators: Rudragouda Channappanavar - Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
Jincun Zhao
Stanley Perlman
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Immunologic research, Vol.59(1-3), pp.118-128
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z
PMID: 24845462
PMCID: PMC4125530
NLM abbreviation: Immunol Res
ISSN: 0257-277X
eISSN: 1559-0755
Publisher: United States
Grant note: P01 AI060699 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI091322 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 NS036592 / NINDS NIH HHS
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 05/21/2014
Date published: 08/2014
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics)
Record Identifier: 9983777353002771

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