Journal article
TMS provokes target-dependent intracranial rhythms across human cortical and subcortical sites
Brain stimulation, Vol.17(3), pp.698-712
05/29/2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.014
PMCID: PMC11313454
PMID: 38821396
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is believed to alter ongoing neural activity and cause circuit-level changes in brain function. While the electrophysiological effects of TMS have been extensively studied with scalp electroencephalography (EEG), this approach generally evaluates low-frequency neural activity at the cortical surface. However, TMS can be safely used in patients with intracranial electrodes (iEEG), allowing for direct assessment of deeper and more localized oscillatory responses across the frequency spectrum.
Our study used iEEG to understand the effects of TMS on human neural activity in the spectral domain. We asked (1) which brain regions respond to cortically-targeted TMS, and in what frequency bands, (2) whether deeper brain structures exhibit oscillatory responses, and (3) whether the neural responses to TMS reflect evoked versus induced oscillations.
We recruited 17 neurosurgical patients with indwelling electrodes and recorded neural activity while patients underwent repeated trials of single-pulse TMS at either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or parietal cortex. iEEG signals were analyzed using spectral methods to understand the oscillatory responses to TMS.
Stimulation to DLPFC drove widespread low-frequency increases (3-8Hz) in frontolimbic cortices and high-frequency decreases (30-110Hz) in frontotemporal areas, including the hippocampus. Stimulation to parietal cortex specifically provoked low-frequency responses in the medial temporal lobe. While most low-frequency activity was consistent with phase-locked evoked responses, anterior frontal regions exhibited induced theta oscillations following DLPFC stimulation.
By combining TMS with intracranial EEG recordings, our results suggest that TMS is an effective means to perturb oscillatory neural activity in brain-wide networks, including deeper structures not directly accessed by stimulation itself.
•TMS was combined with iEEG in humans to evaluate rhythmic responses to stimulation.•DLPFC stimulation provoked frontolimbic theta power and temporal gamma decreases.•Hippocampus and cingulate showed strong TMS-related responses.•Theta power was a mixture of phase-locked potentials and induced oscillations.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- TMS provokes target-dependent intracranial rhythms across human cortical and subcortical sites
- Creators
- Ethan A. Solomon - Stanford UniversityJeffrey B. Wang - Stanford MedicineHiroyuki Oya - University of IowaMatthew A. Howard - University of IowaNicholas T. Trapp - Stanford UniversityBrandt D. Uitermarkt - University of IowaAaron D. Boes - University of IowaCorey J. Keller - Stanford Medicine
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Brain stimulation, Vol.17(3), pp.698-712
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.014
- PMID
- 38821396
- PMCID
- PMC11313454
- ISSN
- 1935-861X
- eISSN
- 1876-4754
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/29/2024
- Academic Unit
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Neurology; Psychiatry; Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Neurology (Pediatrics); Neurosurgery; Otolaryngology
- Record Identifier
- 9984634159102771
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