Journal article
Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors
mSphere, Vol.1(6), e00295-16
11/01/2016
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00295-16
PMCID: PMC5143412
PMID: 27981233
Abstract
Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of
Staphylococcus aureus
toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD)
S. aureus
isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition strongly associated with
Staphylococcus aureus
colonization and infection.
S. aureus
strains shift in populations in ~10-year intervals depending on virulence factors. Shifts in
S. aureus
virulence factors may in part explain the racial differences observed in the levels of prevalence and severity of AD. AD
S. aureus
isolates collected from 2011 to 2014 (103 isolates) and in 2008 (100 isolates) were examined for the prevalence of genes encoding superantigens (SAgs). The strains from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from AD patients as a part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Atopic Dermatitis Research Network (ADRN). The prevalence of SAg genes was investigated temporally and racially. The enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC) was more prevalent in the 2011–2014 AD isolates than in the 2008 AD isolates. The prevalences of virulence factor genes were similar in European American (EA) and Mexican American (MA) patients but differed in 6 of 22 SAg genes between EA and African American (AA) or MA and AA isolates; notably, AA isolates lacked
tstH
, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). The presence of
tstH
and
sel-p
(enterotoxin-like P) was associated with decreased clinical severity and increased blood eosinophils, respectively. The EGC is becoming more prevalent, consistent with the previously observed 10 years of cycling of
S. aureus
strains. Race-specific
S. aureus
selection may account for differences in virulence factor profiles. The lack of TSST-1-positive (TSST-1
+
) AD
S. aureus
in AA is consistent with the lack of AAs acquiring TSST-1-associated menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS).
IMPORTANCE
Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of
Staphylococcus aureus
toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD)
S. aureus
isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors
- Creators
- Joseph A Merriman - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USAElizabeth A Mueller - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USAMichael P Cahill - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USALisa A Beck - University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USAAmy S Paller - Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USAJon M Hanifin - Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAPeck Y Ong - Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USALynda Schneider - Harvard Medical School/Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADenise C Babineau - Rho, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USAGloria David - Rho, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USAAlexandre Lockhart - Rho, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USAKeli Artis - Rho, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USADonald Y. M Leung - National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USAPatrick M Schlievert - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- mSphere, Vol.1(6), e00295-16
- DOI
- 10.1128/mSphere.00295-16
- PMID
- 27981233
- PMCID
- PMC5143412
- NLM abbreviation
- mSphere
- ISSN
- 2379-5042
- eISSN
- 2379-5042
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology; 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC
- Grant note
- U19AI117673 / HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) UL1TR001082 / HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) UM2AI117870 / HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Alternative title
- Differences in S. aureus SAg Profiles in AD Isolates
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 11/01/2016
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984001138402771
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