Journal article
The Cerebellum and Implicit Sequencing: Evidence from Cerebellar Ataxia
Cerebellum (London, England), Vol.20(2), pp.222-245
04/2021
DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01206-7
PMID: 33123963
Abstract
The cerebellum recognizes sequences from prior experiences and uses this information to generate internal models that predict future outcomes in a feedforward manner [Front Hum Neurosci 8: 475, 2014; Cortex 47: 137-44, 2011; Cerebellum 7: 611-5, 2008; J Neurosci 26: 9107-16, 2006]. This process has been well documented in the motor domain, but the cerebellum's role in cognitive sequencing, within the context of implicit versus explicit processes, is not well characterized. In this study, we tested individuals with cerebellar ataxia and healthy controls to clarify the role of the cerebellum sequencing using variations on implicit versus explicit and motor versus cognitive demands across five experiments. Converging results across these studies suggest that cerebellar feedforward mechanisms may be necessary for sequencing in the implicit domain only. In the ataxia group, rhythmic tapping, rate of motor learning, and implicit sequence learning were impaired. However, for cognitive sequencing that could be accomplished using explicit strategies, the cerebellar group performed normally, as though they shifted to extra-cerebellar mechanisms to compensate. For example, when cognitive and motor functions relied on cerebellar function simultaneously, the ataxia group's motor function was unaffected, in contrast to that of controls whose motor performance declined as a function of cognitive load. These findings indicated that the cerebellum is not critical for all forms of sequencing per se. Instead, it plays a fundamental role for sequencing within the implicit domain, whether functions are motor or cognitive. Moreover, individuals with cerebellar ataxia are generally able to compensate for cognitive sequencing when explicit strategies are available in order to preserve resources for motor function.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- The Cerebellum and Implicit Sequencing: Evidence from Cerebellar Ataxia
- Creators
- Owen P Morgan - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAMitchell B Slapik - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAKatherine G Iannuzzelli - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAStephen M LaConte - Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USAJonathan M Lisinski - Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USAPeg C Nopoulos - Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USAAshley M Cochran - Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USASharif I Kronemer - Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program and the Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USALiana S Rosenthal - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USACherie L Marvel - , Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. cmarvel1@jhmi.edu
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Cerebellum (London, England), Vol.20(2), pp.222-245
- Publisher
- United States
- DOI
- 10.1007/s12311-020-01206-7
- PMID
- 33123963
- ISSN
- 1473-4222
- eISSN
- 1473-4230
- Grant note
- none / Gordon and Marilyn Macklin Foundation None / Margaret Q. Landenberger Foundation
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 04/2021
- Academic Unit
- Neurology; Psychiatry; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Record Identifier
- 9984070538502771
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