Journal article
The Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) Moderates Family Environmental Effects on ADHD
Journal of abnormal child psychology, Vol.39(1), pp.1-10
01/2011
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-010-9439-5
PMCID: PMC4306231
PMID: 20644990
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prime candidate for exploration of gene-by-environment interaction (i.e., G x E), particularly in relation to dopamine system genes, due to strong evidence that dopamine systems are dysregulated in the disorder. Using a G x E design, we examined whether the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat polymorphism, previously associated with ADHD, moderated the effects of inconsistent parenting and marital conflict on ADHD or Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD). Participants were 548 children with ADHD and non-ADHD comparison children and their parents. Homozygosity for the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat insertion allele increased vulnerability for ADHD and ODD only in the presence of inconsistent parenting and appeared to increase susceptibility to the influence of increased child self-blame for marital conflict on ADHD inattention. DRD4 genotypes may interact with these proximal family environmental risk factors by increasing the individual’s responsivity to environmental contingencies.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- The Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) Moderates Family Environmental Effects on ADHD
- Creators
- Michelle Martel - Psychology Department University of New Orleans 2000 Lakeshore Drive; 2005 Geology & Psychology Building New Orleans LA 70148 USAMolly Nikolas - Psychology Department Michigan State University East Lansing MI USAKatherine Jernigan - Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI USAKaren Friderici - Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI USAIrwin Waldman - Psychology Department Emory University Druid Hills GA USAJoel Nigg - Psychiatry Department Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of abnormal child psychology, Vol.39(1), pp.1-10
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10802-010-9439-5
- PMID
- 20644990
- PMCID
- PMC4306231
- NLM abbreviation
- J Abnorm Child Psychol
- ISSN
- 0091-0627
- eISSN
- 1573-2835
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC; Boston
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/2011
- Academic Unit
- Psychological and Brain Sciences; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984002416702771
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