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The "Gut Feeling": Breaking Down the Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

The "Gut Feeling": Breaking Down the Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

Samantha N Freedman, Shailesh K Shahi and Ashutosh K Mangalam
Neurotherapeutics, Vol.15(1), pp.109-125
01/2018
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0588-x
PMCID: PMC5794701
PMID: 29204955
url
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0588-xView
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential factor in the development of MS, with a number of studies having shown that patients with MS exhibit gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiota helps the host remain healthy by regulating various functions, including food metabolism, energy homeostasis, maintenance of the intestinal barrier, inhibition of colonization by pathogenic organisms, and shaping of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Alteration of the gut microbiota, and subsequent changes in its metabolic network that perturb this homeostasis, may lead to intestinal and systemic disorders such as MS. Here we discuss the findings of recent MS microbiome studies and potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota can predispose to, or protect against, MS. These findings highlight the need of an improved understanding of the interactions between the microbiota and host for developing therapies based on gut commensals with which to treat MS.
 Autoimmunity Choline - metabolism Humans Gastrointestinal Microbiome Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism Dysbiosis - complications Tryptophan - metabolism Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism Animals Mucins - metabolism Multiple Sclerosis - microbiology Multiple Sclerosis - immunology Phytoestrogens - metabolism Multiple Sclerosis - metabolism

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