Journal article
The Innate Immune System Is Activated by Stimulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1
Infection and immunity, Vol.73(4), pp.2164-2174
04/2005
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2164-2174.2005
PMCID: PMC1087460
PMID: 15784559
Abstract
Despite knowledge of the effects of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin 1 (TSST-1) on the adaptive immune system, little is known about stimulation of the innate immune system, particularly epithelial cells. This study investigated the interactions of TSS
Staphylococcus aureus
and TSST-1 with human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs) and porcine mucosal surfaces. When cocultured with HVECs for 6 h, TSS
S. aureus
MN8 proliferated, formed aggregates on the HVEC surfaces, and produced exotoxins. Receptor binding studies showed that
35
S-TSST-1 bound to 5 × 10
4
receptors per HVEC, with saturation at 15 min. Affymetrix Human GeneChip U133A microarray analysis determined
S. aureus
MNSM (100 bacteria/HVEC) caused at least twofold up- or down-regulation of 410 HVEC genes by 6 h; these data were also confirmed with
S. aureus
MN8. TSST-1 (100 μg/ml) caused up- or down-regulation of 2,386 HVEC genes by 6 h. In response to
S. aureus
, the HVEC genes most up-regulated compared to those in controls were those coding for chemokines or cytokines—MIP-3α, 478-fold; GRO-α, 26-fold; GRO-β, 14-fold; and GRO-γ, 30-fold—suggesting activation of innate immunity. TSST-1 also caused up-regulation of chemokine/cytokine genes. Chemokine/cytokine gene up-regulation was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays measuring the corresponding proteins induced by
S. aureus
and TSST-1.
S. aureus
MN8, when incubated with porcine vaginal tissue, increased the flux of
35
S-TSST-1 across the mucosal surface. This was accompanied by influx of lymphocytes into the upper layers of the tissue. These data suggest innate immune system activation through epithelial cells, reflected in chemokine/cytokine production and influx of lymphocytes, may cause changes in vaginal mucosa permeability, facilitating TSST-1 penetration.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- The Innate Immune System Is Activated by Stimulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1
- Creators
- Marnie L Peterson - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioKevin Ault - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioMary J Kremer - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioAloysius J Klingelhutz - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioCatherine C Davis - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioChristopher A Squier - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OhioPatrick M Schlievert - Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Infection and immunity, Vol.73(4), pp.2164-2174
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- DOI
- 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2164-2174.2005
- PMID
- 15784559
- PMCID
- PMC1087460
- ISSN
- 0019-9567
- eISSN
- 1098-5522
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 04/2005
- Academic Unit
- Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine; Microbiology and Immunology; International Programs; Radiation Oncology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984002396602771
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