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The LET enhancement of energy-specific collimation in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

The LET enhancement of energy-specific collimation in pencil beam scanning proton therapy

Blake R Smith and Daniel E Hyer
Journal of applied clinical medical physics, Vol.26(1), e14477
01/2025
DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14477
PMCID: PMC11712952
PMID: 39644507
url
https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14477View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Purpose To computationally characterize the LET distribution during dynamic collimation in PBS and quantify its impact on the resultant dose distribution. Methods Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4 were used to model the production of low-energy proton scatter produced in the collimating components of a novel PBS collimator. Custom spectral tallies were created to quantify the energy, track- and dose-averaged LET resulting from individual beamlet and composite fields simulated from a model of the IBA dedicated nozzle system. The composite dose distributions were optimized to achieve a uniform physical dose coverage of a cubical and pyramidal target, and the resulting dose-average LET distributions were calculated for uncollimated and collimated PBS deliveries and used to generate RBE-weighted dose distributions. Results For collimated beamlets, the scattered proton energy fluence is strongly dependent on collimator position relative to the central axis of the beamlet. When delivering a uniform profile, the distribution of dose-average LET was nearly identical within the target and increased between 1 and within 10 mm surrounding the target. Dynamic collimation resulted in larger dose-average LET changes: increasing the dose-average LET between 1 and within 10 mm of a pyramidal target while reducing the dose-average LET outside this margin by as much as . Biological dose distributions are improved with energy-specific collimation in reducing the lateral penumbra. Conclusion The presence of energy-specific collimation in PBS can lead to dose-average LET changes relative to an uncollimated delivery. In some clinical situations, the placement and application of energy-specific collimation may require additional planning considerations based on its reduction to the lateral penumbra and increase in high-dose conformity. Future applications may embody these unique dosimetric characteristics to redirect high-LET portions of a collimated proton beamlet from healthy tissues while enhancing the dose-average LET distribution within target.
PBS RBE collimation protons LET UIOWA OA Agreement

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