Logo image
The Negativity Bias in Affective Picture Processing Depends on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Motivational Significance
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

The Negativity Bias in Affective Picture Processing Depends on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Motivational Significance

Joseph Hilgard, Anna Weinberg, Greg Hajcak Proudfit and Bruce D. Bartholow
Emotion (Washington, D.C.), Vol.14(5), pp.940-949
10/01/2014
DOI: 10.1037/a0036791
PMCID: PMC4172529
PMID: 24866528
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4172529View
Open Access

Abstract

It is widely believed that negative information is psychologically more meaningful than positive information, a phenomenon known generally as the negativity bias. However, findings concerning the possibility of a negativity bias in emotional picture processing have been mixed, with recent studies indicating the lack of such a bias in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) when pleasant and unpleasant images are equated for motivational relevance. Here, we investigated 2 factors that could influence the detection of a negativity bias: picture-presentation paradigm and specific picture content. Across 2 studies, participants viewed pleasant affiliative, pleasant thrilling, unpleasant threatening and neutral images presented in the context of oddball, blocked, and random viewing paradigms. Across paradigms, emotional images elicited larger responses in the late positive potential (LPP) than did neutral images. A negativity bias was detected in the oddball paradigm and when thrilling, rather than affiliative, pleasant stimuli were used. Findings are discussed in terms of factors known to influence LPP amplitude and their relevance to differential effects across picture-viewing paradigms.
Psychology Psychology, Experimental Social Sciences

Details

Metrics

Logo image