Journal article
The “Out-of-the-Loop” concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications
Cognition, technology & work, Vol.21(1), pp.87-98
02/12/2019
DOI: 10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8
Abstract
Despite an abundant use of the term “Out of the loop” (OOTL) in the context of automated driving and human factors research, there is currently a lack of consensus on its precise definition, how it can be measured, and the practical implications of being in or out of the loop during automated driving. The main objective of this paper is to consider the above issues, with the goal of achieving a shared understanding of the OOTL concept between academics and practitioners. To this end, the paper reviews existing definitions of OOTL and outlines a set of concepts, which, based on the human factors and driver behaviour literature, could serve as the basis for a commonly-agreed definition. Following a series of working group meetings between representatives from academia, research institutions and industrial partners across Europe, North America, and Japan, we suggest a precise definition of being in, out, and on the loop in the driving context. These definitions are linked directly to whether or not the driver is in physical control of the vehicle, and also the degree of situation monitoring required and afforded by the driver. A consideration of how this definition can be operationalized and measured in empirical studies is then provided, and the paper concludes with a short overview of the implications of this definition for the development of automated driving functions.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- The “Out-of-the-Loop” concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications
- Creators
- Natasha Merat - University of LeedsBobbie Seppelt - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyTyron Louw - University of LeedsJohan Engström - Virginia TechJohn Lee - Industrial and Systems Engineering, Madison, USAEmma Johansson - VolvoCharles Green - General MotorsSatoshi Katazaki - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyChris Monk - National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationMakoto Itoh - University of TsukubaDaniel McGehee - University of IowaTakashi Sunda - Nissan Motor Corporation Ltd., Yokosuka, JapanKiyozumi Unoura - HondaTrent Victor - Volvo CarsAnna Schieben - DLR German Aerospace, Brunswick, GermanyAndreas Keinath - BMW Group (Germany)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Cognition, technology & work, Vol.21(1), pp.87-98
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8
- ISSN
- 1435-5558
- eISSN
- 1435-5566
- Publisher
- Springer London
- Grant note
- European Commission () National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008760) SIP ADUS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 02/12/2019
- Academic Unit
- Occupational and Environmental Health; Emergency Medicine; Industrial and Systems Engineering; Center for Social Science Innovation; Injury Prevention Research Center; Public Policy Center (Archive)
- Record Identifier
- 9984187070502771
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