The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad

T G Elgin; E M Fricke; M E Hernandez Reyes; M E Tsimis; N S Leslein; B A Thomas; T S Sato; P J McNamara

doi:10.3233/NPM-200460

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The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad

T G Elgin, E M Fricke, M E Hernandez Reyes, M E Tsimis, N S Leslein, B A Thomas, T S Sato and P J McNamara

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, Vol.13(3), pp.293-305

2020

DOI: 10.3233/NPM-200460

PMCID: PMC7592679

PMID: 32417802

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest challenge to date faced by the medical community in the 21st century. The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies is growing, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease of older patients, infection is now seen across all age demographics with reports of illness in pregnant patients and infants. Altered hormone status and predominance of Th-2 immune helper cells may result in increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2. Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. Neonatal reports demonstrate an inconsistent and non-specific phenotype, and it is often difficult to separate COVID-19 from the underlying conditions of prematurity or bacterial infection. The development of international registries to enable risk profiling of COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers and/or their offspring may facilitate the development of enhanced mitigation strategies, medical treatments and effective vaccinations.

Pregnancy

Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification

Betacoronavirus - pathogenicity

Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis

Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology

Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control

Coronavirus Infections - therapy

COVID-19

Female

Humans

Infant, Newborn

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control

Pandemics - prevention & control

Perinatal Care - methods

Perinatal Care - trends

Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis

Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology

Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control

Pneumonia, Viral - therapy

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - diagnosis

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - therapy

SARS-CoV-2

Details

Title: Subtitle: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad
Creators: T G Elgin - University of Iowa
E M Fricke - Michigan State University
M E Hernandez Reyes - Stead Family Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
M E Tsimis - Michigan State University
N S Leslein - Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center
B A Thomas - University of Iowa
T S Sato - University of Iowa
P J McNamara - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, Vol.13(3), pp.293-305
DOI: 10.3233/NPM-200460
PMID: 32417802
PMCID: PMC7592679
NLM abbreviation: J Neonatal Perinatal Med
ISSN: 1934-5798
eISSN: 1878-4429
Language: English
Date published: 2020
Academic Unit: Radiology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Neonatology; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984318685502771

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